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Two-Dimensional Protein Crystals (S-Layers): Fundamentals and Application Potential

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2011

Uwe B. Sleytr ,
M. Sara ,
D. Pum ,
S. Küpcü  and
P. Messner
Uwe B. Sleytr
Affiliation:
Center for Ultrastructure Research and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Molecular Nanotechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur, Gregor Mendel Str. 33, A-I 180 Vienna, Austria
M. Sara
Affiliation:
Center for Ultrastructure Research and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Molecular Nanotechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur, Gregor Mendel Str. 33, A-I 180 Vienna, Austria
D. Pum
Affiliation:
Center for Ultrastructure Research and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Molecular Nanotechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur, Gregor Mendel Str. 33, A-I 180 Vienna, Austria
S. Küpcü
Affiliation:
Center for Ultrastructure Research and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Molecular Nanotechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur, Gregor Mendel Str. 33, A-I 180 Vienna, Austria
P. Messner
Affiliation:
Center for Ultrastructure Research and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Molecular Nanotechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur, Gregor Mendel Str. 33, A-I 180 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract

Crystalline cell surface layers (S-layers) represent the outermost cell envelope component in many bacteria. The oblique, square or hexagonal lattices are formed of assemblies of a single protein or glycoprotein species. Isolated S-layer subunits are endowed with the ability to assemble into monomolecular arrays in suspension, on solid surfaces (e.g. metals, polymers, glass, carbon, silicon), at the air/water interface, or on lipid films generated by the Langmuir Blodgett technique. S-layer lattices are isoporous structures with functional groups located on the surface and in the pores in an identical position and orientation. These characteristic features have led to applications of S-layers as (i) ultrafiltration membranes with pores of identical size and morphology and a broad chemical modification potential, (ii) matrices for the controlled and reproducible immobilization of functional macromolecules, as required for affinity and enzyme membranes, affinity microcarriers and biosensors, (iii) carriers for Langmuir-Blodgett films and reconstituted biological membranes, (iv) immobilization matrices and adjuvants for weakly immunogenic antigens and haptens and (v) patterning elements in molecular nanotechnology.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 330: Symposium S – Biomolecular Materials by Design , 1993 , 193
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1994

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References

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