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Sol-Gel Optical Sensors for Glutamate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2011

Jenna L. Rickus ,
Esther Lan ,
Allan J. Tobin ,
Jeffery I. Zink  and
Bruce Dunn
Jenna L. Rickus
Affiliation:
NeuroengineeringUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
Esther Lan
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
Allan J. Tobin
Affiliation:
Brain Research InstituteUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
Jeffery I. Zink
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
Bruce Dunn
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
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Abstract

The amino acid glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter used in the nervous system for interneuronal communication. It is used throughout the brain by various neuronal pathways including those involved in learning and memory, locomotion, and sensory perception. Because glutamate is released from neurons on a millisecond time scale into sub-micrometer spaces, the development of a glutamate biosensor with high temporal and spatial resolution is of great interest for the study of neurological function and disease. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of an optical glutamate sensor based on the sol-gel encapsulation of the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). GDH catalyses the oxidative deamination of glutamate and the reduction of NAD+ to NADH. NADH fluorescence is the basis of the sensor detection. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies show that GDH remains active in the sol-gel matrix and that the reaction rate is correlated to the glutamate concentration.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 662: Symposia LL/MM/NN/OO – Biomaterials for Drug Delivery & Tissue Engineering , 2000 , OO2.2
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2001

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