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Shape Memory Actuation by Resistive Heating in Polyurethane Composites of Carbonaceous Conductive Fillers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

I. Sedat Gunes ,
Guillermo A Jimenez  and
Sadhan C Jana
I. Sedat Gunes
Affiliation:
[email protected], The University of Akron, Polymer Engineering, Akron, Ohio, United States
Guillermo A Jimenez
Affiliation:
[email protected], The University of Akron, Polymer Engineering, Akron, Ohio, United States
Sadhan C Jana
Affiliation:
[email protected], The University of Akron, Polymer Engineering, Akron, Ohio, United States
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Abstract

The dependence of electrical resistivity on specimen temperature and imposed tensile strains was determined for shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) composites of carbon nanofiber (CNF), oxidized carbon nanofiber (ox-CNF), and carbon black (CB). The SMPU composites with crystalline soft segments were synthesized from diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,4-butanediol, and poly(caprolactone)diol in a low-shear chaotic mixer and in an internal mixer. The materials synthesized in the chaotic mixer showed higher soft segment crystallinity and lower electrical percolation thresholds. The soft segment crystallinity reduced in the presence of CNF and ox-CNF; although the reduction was lower in the case of ox-CNF. The composites of CB showed pronounced positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effects which in turn showed a close relationship with non-linear thermal expansion behavior. The composites of CNF and ox-CNF did not exhibit PTC effects due to low levels of soft segment crystallinity. The resistivity of composites of CNF and ox-CNF showed weak dependence on strain, while that of composites of CB increased by several orders of magnitude with imposed tensile strain. A corollary of this study was that a high level of crystallinity may cause a PTC effect and prevent any actuation through resistive heating. However, a carefully tailored compound which has reduced crystallinity and which requires minimum amount of filler may prevent PTC phenomenon and could supply necessary electrical conductivity over the operating temperature range, while offering enough soft segment crystallinity and rubberlike properties for excellent shape memory function.

Keywords

polymermemoryelectrical properties
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1129: Symposium V – Materials and Devices for Smart Systems III , 2008 , 1129-V12-05
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2009

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