Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T02:38:27.015Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reinforcement of Elastomers by The In-Situ Generation of Filler Particles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2011

James E. Mark  and
Dale W. Schaefer
James E. Mark
Affiliation:
University of Cincinnati, Dept. of Chemistry, Cincinnati, OH 45221
Dale W. Schaefer
Affiliation:
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185
Get access

Abstract

The goal of primary interest in these investigations was the development of novel methods for filling elastomeric networks. The techniques developed employ the in-situ generation of reinforcing fillers such as silica or a glassy polymer such as polystyrene either after, during, or before network formation. The reaction involves decomposition of organometallic compounds, using a variety of catalysts and precipitation conditions, or freeradical polymerization of a suitable monomer. The effectiveness of the technique is gauged by stress-strain measurements carried out on these elastomeric composites to yield values of the maximum extensibility, ultimate strength, and energy of rupture. Also of interest are calorimetric studies of the networks, to determine their crystallizability. Information on the filler particles themselves is obtained from density determinations, electron microscopy, and scattering measurements.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 171: Symposium O – Polymer Based Molecular Composites , 1989 , 51
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Boonstra, B. B., Polymer, 20, 691 (1979)Google Scholar
2. Rigbi, Z., Adv, Polym. Sci., 36, 21 (1980)Google Scholar
3. Mark, J. E. and Pan, S.-J., Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun., 3, 681 (1982)Google Scholar
4. Mark, J. E., in Ultrastructure Processing of Advanced Ceramics, ed. by MacKenzie, J. D. and Ulrich, D. R., Wiley, New York, 1988. Reprinted in CIHEMTECH, 19, 230 (1989)Google Scholar
5. Mark, J. E. and Erman, B., Rubberlike Elasticity. A Molecular Primer, Wiley-Interscience, New York (1988).Google Scholar
6. Mark, J. E., in Frontiers of Macromolecular Science, ed. by Saegusa, T., Higashimura, T., and Abe, A., Blackwell, Oxford, 1989.Google Scholar
7. Craddock, S. and Hinchliffe, A., Matrix Isolation, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1975.Google Scholar
8. Hench, L. L. and Ulrich, D. R., Eds., Ultrastructure Processing of Ceramics, Glasses, and Composites, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1984.Google Scholar
9. Hench, L. L. and Ulrich, D. R., Eds., Science of Ceramic Chemical Processing, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1986.Google Scholar
10. Ultrastructure Processing of Advanced Ceramics, ed. by MacKenzie, J. D. and Ulrich, D. R., Wiley, New York, 1988.Google Scholar
11. Ulrich, D. R., CHEMTECH, 18, 242 (1988)Google Scholar
12. Sur, G. S. and Mark, J. E., Eur. Polym. J., 21, 1051 (1985)Google Scholar
13. Wang, S.-B. and Mark, J. E., Polym. Bulletin, 17, 271 (1987)Google Scholar
14. Clarson, S. J. and Mark, J. E., Polym. Commun., 30, 275 (1989)Google Scholar
15. Mark, J. E. and Wang, S.-B., Polym. Bulletin, 20, 443 (1988)Google Scholar
16. Wang, S.-B. and Mark, J. E., ms. in preparation.Google Scholar
17. Llorente, M. A. and Mark, J. E., Macromolecules, 13, 681 (1980)Google Scholar
18. Meyers, K. O., Bye, M. L., and Merrill, E. W., Macromolecules, 13, 1045 (1980)Google Scholar
19. Li, J. and Mark, J. E., unpublished results.Google Scholar
20. Saunders, P. R. and Ward, A. G., in Proceedines of Second International Conress of Rheology, Butterworths, London, 1953.Google Scholar
21. Li, Z., Mark, J. E., Chan, E. K. M., and Mandelkern, L., Macromolecules, 22, 000 (1989)Google Scholar
22. Sun, C.-C. and Mark, J. E., Polymer, 30, 104 (1989)Google Scholar
23. Clarson, S. J. and Mark, J. E., Polym. Commun., 28, 249 (1987)Google Scholar
24. Mark, J. E., Polym. Eng. Sci., 19, 409 (1979)Google Scholar
25. Sun, C.-C. and Mark, J. E., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 25, 1561 (1987)Google Scholar
26. Qu, W. and Mark, J. E., unpublished results.Google Scholar
27. Thomas, D. K., Polymer, 7, 99 (1966)Google Scholar
28. Mark, J. E., Ning, Y.-P., Tang, M.-Y., and Roth, W. C., Polymer, 26, 2069 (1985)Google Scholar
29. Xu, P., Wang, S., and Mark, J. E., ms. in preparation.Google Scholar
30. Ostwald, W., Z. Physik. Chem., 34, 495 (1900)Google Scholar
31. Mark, J. E., Jiang, C.-Y., and Tang, M.-Y., Macromolecules, 17, 2613 (1984)Google Scholar
32. Clarson, S. J., Mark, J. E., and Dodgson, K., Polym. Commun., 29, 208 (1988)Google Scholar
33. Levin, V. Y., Slonimskii, G. L., Andrianov, K. A., Zhdanov, A. A., Godovskii, Y. K., Papkov, V. S., and Lyubavskaya, Y. A., Polym. Sci. USSR, 15, 256 (1973)Google Scholar
34. Wang, S. and Mark, J. E., ms. in preparation.Google Scholar
35. Schaefer, D. W. and Keefer, K. D., Phys. Rev. Lett., 53, 1383 (1984)Google Scholar
36. Schaefer, D. W., Jian, L., Sun, C.-C., McCarthy, D., Jiang, C.-Y., Ning, Y.-P., Mark, J. E., and Spooner, S., submitted to “Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Ultrastructure Processing of Ceramics, Glasses, and Composites”, ed. by Ulrich, D. R. and Uhlman, D. R., Wiley, New York, 1989.Google Scholar
37. Schaefer, D. W., Mark, J. E., Jian, L., Sun, C.-C., McCarthy, D., Jiang, C.-Y., and Ning, Y.-P., in Polymer-Based Molecular Composites, ed. by Schaefer, D. W. and Mark, J. E., (Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc, 171, Pittsburgh PA, 1989).Google Scholar
38. Schmidt, H. K., in Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers, ed. by Zeldin, M., Wynne, K. J., and Allcock, H. R., Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC, 1988, and relevant references cited therein.Google Scholar
39. Huang, H.-H., Wilkes, G. L., and Carlson, J. G., Polymer, 30, 2001 (1989), and relevant references cited therein.Google Scholar
40. Mark, J. E. and Sun, C.-C., Polym. Bulletin, 18, 259 (1987)Google Scholar
41. Fu, F.-S. and Mark, J. E., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 26, 2229 (1988)Google Scholar
42. Fu, F.-S. and Mark, J. E., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 37, 2757 (1989)Google Scholar
43. Sur, G. S. and Mark, J. E., Polym. Bulletin, 20, 131 (1988)Google Scholar
44. Sur, G. S. and Mark, J. E., Eur, Polym. J., 24, 913 (1988)Google Scholar
45. Polymer Handbook, 3rd Ed., ed. by Brandrup, J. and Immergut, E. H., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1989.Google Scholar
46. Ibemesi, J., Gvozdic, N., Keumin, M., Lynch, M. J., and Meier, D. J., Polym. Preprints, 26(2), 18 (1985).Google Scholar
47. Rigbi, Z. and Mark, J. E., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 23, 1267 (1985)Google Scholar
48. Sohoni, G. B. and Mark, J. E., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 34, 2853 (1987)Google Scholar
49. Liu, S. and Mark, J. E., Polym. Bulletin, 18, 33 (1987)Google Scholar
50. Sur, G. S. and Mark, J. E., Polym. Bulletin, 18, 369 (1987)Google Scholar
51. Al-ghamdi, A. M. S. and Mark, J. E., Polym. Bulletin, 20, 537 (1988)Google Scholar
52. Perspectives in Molecular Sieve Science, ed. by Flank, W. H. and Whyte, T. E. Jr., Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC, 1988.Google Scholar