Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T07:40:11.154Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Quantitative Characterization Of Morphological Evolution In Q = 2 Potts Model Aluminum Thin Films

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2011

D. H. Alsem
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Physics, Materials Science, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
E. A. Stach
Affiliation:
National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA 94720
J. Th. M. de Hosson
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Physics, Materials Science, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
Get access

Abstract

In this research, we have focused on the morphological evolution of a model metal film / silicon substrate system. When aluminum (Al) is physical vapor deposited on (100) oriented single crystal silicon (Si) at 280 °C it grows heteroepitaxially. Crystallographically, the resulting films are a Potts model system with degeneracy two; their topology simulates a polycrystalline grain structure, with the two types of grains enveloping each other in a convoluted, maze-like arrangement. The morphological evolution of the films during annealing was determined via a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Films with thickness' of 100 to 500 nm were annealed in-situ in the TEM from 250 °C to 550 °C, and characterized using a (220) two-beam condition from one of the grain orientations. This yields predominantly white on black images, which are amenable to quantitative image processing techniques. As anticipated, the grain size increased linearly during the first annealing cycle. Also so-called sub-grain boundaries were observed. These low angle boundaries originate during film deposition when arrays of dislocations are introduced in the areas where coalescing islands of the same orientation meet. After cooling and reheating the sub-grain boundaries disappear. This happens because upon cooling, misfit dislocations were introduced into the films to relieve the thermal misfit strain, resulting in a dense array of dislocations at the film / substrate interface. These thermal misfit dislocations interact strongly with pre-existing sub-grain dislocations; this, in effect, heals the microstructure.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

[1] Thangaraj, N., Westmacott, H., Dahmen, U., Epitaxial Growth Of (011) Al On (100) Si By Vapor Deposition, Applied Physics Letters, 1992, 61, 1, 3739 Google Scholar
[2] Westmacott, K.H., Hinderberger, S., Radetic, T., Dahmen, U., PVD Growth Of FCC Metal Films On Single Crystal Si And Ge Substrates Polycrystalline, Metal and Magnetic Thin Films Symposium (Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Vol.562). Mater. Res. Soc. 1999, pp.93102. Warrendale, PA, USA. Google Scholar
[3] Westmacott, K.H., Hinderberger, S., Dahmen, U., PVD growth and TEM characterization of heteroepitaxial thin metal films on single crystal Si and Ge Substrates, Philosophical Magazine A, 2001, 81, 6, 15471578 Google Scholar
[4] Stach, E. A., Hull, R., Bean, J. C., Jones, K. S., and Nejim, A., Microscopy and Microanalysis 4(3), 294, 1998.Google Scholar
[5] The Image Processing Toolkit; www.reindeergraphics.com/iptk Google Scholar
[6] Figure adapted from: Thompson, C.V., Carel, R., Stress and Grain Growth In Thin Films, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 1996, 44, 5, 657673 Google Scholar
[7] Figure adapted from: Thompson, C.V., Structure Evolution During Processing Of Polycrystalline Films, Annual Reviews of Material Science, 2000, 30, 159190 Google Scholar
[8] Freund, L.B., Chason, E., Model for stress generated upon contatct of neighboring islands on the surface of a substrate, Journal of Applied Physics, 2001, 89, 9, 48664873 Google Scholar