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Oxidation States in Layered Nickel Oxide Based Electrode Materials

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 February 2011

Claude Delmas
Claude Delmas*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Chimie du Solide du CNRS and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et Physique de Bordeaux, 351, cours de la Libération - 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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Abstract

NiO2 slabs made of edge-sharing NiO6 octahedra are the main structural parts of the positive electrode materials involved in Ni-Cd, Ni-M- and Li-LiNiO2 secondary batteries. These electrochemical systems are among the best ones for applications. The behavior of all these electrode materials can be optimized by substituting several cations for nickel.

The effect of iron and cobalt substitution has been investigated in detail. The oxidation state modifications resulting from the electrochemical cycling have been characterized from magnetic, conductivity, thermoelectric-power and Mössbauer studies. The overall results show that nickel ions are oxidized to the tetravalent state before cobalt ions. More surprisingly, the oxidation of iron-nickel mixed phases shows the simultaneous presence of tetravalent iron and nickel ions in the low spin configuration. For the first time, in situ M6ssbauer measurements have been performed during the cycling of a nickel-cadmium cell.

This cationic distribution results from the competition between the intrinsic redox properties of the 3d cations and the accommodation of the oxidation levels to the ligand field imposed by the prevailing cation.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 293: Symposium U – Solid State Ionics III , 1992 , 15
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1993

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