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Numerical Simulation of Alteration of Sodium Bentonite by Diffusion of Ionic Groundwater Components

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2011

J. S. Jacobsen  and
C. L. Carnahan
J. S. Jacobsen
Affiliation:
Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley CA 94720
C. L. Carnahan
Affiliation:
Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley CA 94720
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Abstract

Because of its ability to retard the movement of radionuclides, sodium bentonite is being considered as a packing and backfilling material in a number of nuclear waste isolation programs. Few studies, however, have considered how the chemical properties of the bentonite backfill will vary with distance from the canister and change in time as groundwater constituents diffuse through the bentonite. Of particular importance is the conversion of sodium bentonite to calcium bentonite by ion exchange, which will in turn affect the migration of cationic radionuclides, such as Cs+ and Sr2+, leaking from a waste canister.

Experiments measuring the movement of trace amounts of radionuclides through compacted bentonite have typically used unaltered bentonite. Models based on experiments such as these may not lead to accurate predictions of the migration through altered or partially altered bentonite of radionuclides that undergo ion exchange. To address this problem, we have modified an existing transport code to include ion exchange and aqueous complexation reactions. The code is thus able to simulate the diffusion of major ionic groundwater components through bentonite and reactions between the bentonite and groundwater. Numerical simulations have been made to investigate the conversion of sodium bentonite to calcium bentonite for a reference groundwater characteristic of deep granitic formations.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 112: Symposium P – Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XI , 1987 , 415
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1988

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