Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T01:53:45.023Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

New Preparation Method For Liquid Alloy Surfaces and Their Characterization by Electron Spectroscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 February 2011

G. Indlekofer
Affiliation:
Institut für Physik, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
P. Oelhafen
Affiliation:
Institut für Physik, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
H.- J. Güntherodt
Affiliation:
Institut für Physik, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
Get access

Abstract

Surface investigations of liquid metals in ultra-high vacuum are scarce as compared with solid state studies, mainly because of experimental difficulties of preparing atomically clean liquid surfaces. A new technique has been developed in order to prepare clean liquid metal surfaces. According to the characterization with electron spectroscopy it proved to be an effective way to obtain high purity liquid surfaces and hence offers the possibility to study a variety of metals and alloys in the liquid state.

Information about the surface composition, segregation properties and its purity in the liquid state and the valence electron structure has been obtained by X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS, respectively). Exciting new insights in the electronic structure of various liquid alloys such as Au-Si, Cu-Sn, Ga-Sn and TI-Bi have been obtained from these measurements.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

[1] Koyama, R. Y. and Spicer, W.E, Phys. Rev. B 4, 4318 (1971)Google Scholar
[2] Enderby, J. E., in Liquid Metals, edited by Beer, S. Z. (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1972) p. 585 Google Scholar
[3] Norris, C., Rodway, D.C. and Williams, G.P., in The Properties of Liquid Metals, edited by Takeuchi, S. (Taylor & Francis, London, 1973) p. 181 Google Scholar
[4] Cotti, P., GUntherodt, H.-J., Munz, P., Oelhafen, P. and Wullschleger, J., Solid State Commun. 12, 635 (1973)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[5] Norris, C., Rodway, D. C., Williams, G.P. and Enderby, J.E., J. Phys. F Metal Phys. 3, L182 (1973)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[6] Norris, C., Rodway, D.C. and Williams, G.P., J. Phys. (Paris) C 4, 61 (1974)Google Scholar
[7] Williams, G.P. and Norris, C., J. Phys. F 4, L175 (1974)Google Scholar
[8] Ichikawa, T., Phys. St. Solidi A32, 369 (1975)Google Scholar
[9] Williams, G. P. and Norris, C., Phil. Mag. 34, 851 (1976)Google Scholar
[10] Oelhafen, P., PhD thesis, ETH Zürich, 1976Google Scholar
[11] Norris, C. and Wotherspoon, J. T. M., J. Phys. F 6, L263 (1976)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[12] Baer, Y. and Myers, H. P., Solid State Commun. 21, 833 (1977)Google Scholar
[13] Norris, C. and Wotherspoon, J. T. M., J. Phys. F:Metal Phys. 7, 1599 (1977)Google Scholar
[14] Greuter, F. and Oelhafen, P., Z. Physik B 34, 123 (1979)Google Scholar
[15] Wotherspoon, J. T. M., Rodway, D. C. and Norris, C., Phil. Mag. B 40, 51 (1979)Google Scholar
[16] Oelhafen, P., Gubler, U. and Greuter, F., in Electrons in Disordered Metals and at Metallic Surfaces, edited by Phariseau, P., Gyorffy, B.L. and Scheire, L. (Plenum Publishing Corporation., New York, 1979) p. 337 Google Scholar
[17] Greuter, F., Gubler, U., Krieg, J., Preiswerk, H. P. and Oelhafen, P., Surface Sci 124, 489 (1983)Google Scholar
[18] Greuter, F., J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 18, 2527 (1985)Google Scholar
[19] Gardiner, M. K., Colbourne, D. and Norris, C., Phil. Mag. B 54, 133 (1986)Google Scholar
[20] Eastman, D. E., Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, 1108 (1971)Google Scholar
[21] Indlekofer, G., Oelhafen, P., Lapka, R. and GUntherodt, H.-J., in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Liquid and Amorphous Metals, (Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, 1986) in pressGoogle Scholar
[22]I Oelhafen, P., Indlekofer, G. and GUntherodt, H.-J., in Proceedinqs of the 6th International Conference on Liquid and Amorphous Metals, (Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, 1986) in pressGoogle Scholar
[23]1 Yeh, J.J. and Lindau, I., At. Data and Nucl. Data Tables 32, 1 (1985)Google Scholar
[24] Indlekofer, G., Oelhafen, P., GUntherodt, H.-J., Hague, C.F. and Mariot, J.-M., in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Liquid and Amorphous Metals, (Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, 1986), in pressGoogle Scholar
[25] Haussler, P., Baumann, F., Gubler, U., Oelhafen, P. and Guntherodt, H.-J., in Proceedings of the 5th Int. Conf. on Rapidly Quenched Metals, Wurzburg, Germany 1984 edited by Steeb, S. and H. Warlimont (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1985) p. 1007 Google Scholar
[26] P. Haussler et al., to be publishedGoogle Scholar
[27] this can be e xpected from unpublished data of ASW-calculations and in analogy to [24]Google Scholar
[28] Hondros, E.D., Scripta Metallurgica 14, 345 (1980)Google Scholar
[29] Scofield, J.H., J. Electron Spectrosc., 8, 129 (1976)Google Scholar
[30] Seah, M.P. and Dench, W.A., Surface and Interface Analysis 1, 2 (1979)Google Scholar
[31] Hardy, S. and Fine, J., Surface Sci. 134, 184 (1983)Google Scholar