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Mechanism of Ca-Ba diffusion in lead-free (Ba,Ca)TiO3 piezoelectrics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2015

Chang Shu ,
Daniel Reed  and
Tim Button
Chang Shu
Affiliation:
School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
Daniel Reed
Affiliation:
School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
Tim Button
Affiliation:
School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno 60200, Czech Republic
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Abstract

The reaction mechanism of BaCO3+CaCO3+TiO2 by solid state methods has been studied in this work using thermal analysis (DSC-TG) from 500 to 1500 °C and in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) from room temperature to 800 °C. In the mixed powders, the CaO is firstly formed followed by presence of an intermediate Ba2TiO4 phase and finally the formation of CaTiO3, BaTiO3 and/or (Ba,Ca)TiO3, where the presence of CaO or CaTiO3 (CT) has slowed down the formation of BaTiO3 (BT). Raman microscopy of a BT-CT diffusion couple has shown that Ca2+ firstly diffuses into the BT grain boundaries and then into the BT core.

Keywords

Raman spectroscopyx-ray diffraction (XRD)diffusion
Type
Articles
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1782: Symposium P – Nanogenerators and Piezotronics , 2015 , pp. 23 - 28
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2015 

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