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Materials Research for High Energy Density Electrochemical Capacitor

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Andrew F. Burke
Andrew F. Burke*
Affiliation:
[email protected], University of California-Davis, Institute of Transportation Studies, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, United States, 530-752-9812, 530-752-6572
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Abstract

In April 2007, the Office of Basic Energy Science, United States Department of Energy organized and conducted a Basic Energy Sciences Workshop for Electrical Energy Storage at which basic research needs for capacitive energy storage were considered in detail. This paper is intended to highlight the materials research findings/needs of the workshop and to relate them to the development of high energy density capacitors that can have an energy density approaching that of lead acid batteries, a power density greater than that of lithium ion batteries, and cycle life approaching that of carbon/carbon double-layer capacitors. Capacitors inherently have long cycle life and high power capability so the key issue is how to increase their energy density with minimum sacrifice of their inherent cycle life and power advantages. This requires the development of electrode charge storage materials with an effective high specific capacitance (F/g) and high electronic conductivity. The most promising electrode materials appear to be optimized activated carbons, graphitic carbons, nanotube carbons, and metal oxides. Cells can be assembled that utilize one of these materials in the one electrode and another of the material in the other electrode. Such hybrid cells can operate at 3-4V using organic electrolytes and potentially can have energy densities of 15-25 Wh/kg. Initial research is also underway on solid-state, high energy density devices utilizing high dielectric materials (K>15000) which would operate at very high cell voltage. If such dielectric materials can be developed, these devices may have energy densities approaching those of lithium batteries.

Keywords

energy storageelectrochemical synthesiselectrical properties
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1100: Symposium JJ – Materials Research for Electrical Energy Storage , 2008 , 1100-JJ06-02
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2008

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