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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 June 2011
The electrowetting equation predicts contact angle modulation to zero degrees as voltage is continually increased. However, in practice contact angle appears to saturate around 60 to 70°. Although several hypotheses have been advanced to explain the physical mechanisms of contact angle saturation, none satisfactorily and unequivocally holds for the large body of electrowetting data. Herein we experimentally demonstrate that under DC voltage electrowetting contact angle saturation is invariant to polymer, fluid, and interfacial materials properties. We furthermore reveal that saturation is also a time-dependant phenomenon.