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Interplay Between the Crystal and Liquid Crystalline Ordering of iPP and Carbon Nanotube Composites under Melt-Shear

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2011

Georgi Georgiev ,
Michael B. McIntyre ,
Robert Judith ,
Erin A. Gombos  and
Peggy Cebe
Georgi Georgiev
Affiliation:
Department of Natural Sciences, Assumption College, Worcester, MA 01609, U.S.A. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, U.S.A.
Michael B. McIntyre
Affiliation:
Department of Natural Sciences, Assumption College, Worcester, MA 01609, U.S.A.
Robert Judith
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, U.S.A.
Erin A. Gombos
Affiliation:
Department of Natural Sciences, Assumption College, Worcester, MA 01609, U.S.A.
Peggy Cebe
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, U.S.A.
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Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit liquid crystalline order and their nematic director couples to the one of low molecular weight liquid crystals. Here we explore the interactions between CNTs and the smectic liquid crystal phase of a polymer and the possibility for a similar coupling in this system. Isotactic Polypropylene (iPP) and iPP/CNTs nanocomposites were made in solution with varying CNT concentrations and hot pressed into 50-100μm thick films. The pure iPP and iPP/CNT films were then sheared at one rotation per second in the melt state. Shearing continued as the temperature was decreased from 200°C to 145°C to induce a smectic liquid crystal phase. The sheared samples were analyzed using polarized optical microscopy, Two Dimensional Microscopic Transmission Ellipsometry (2D-MTE) and Two Dimensional Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering (2D-WAXS). During shearing we detected a sudden increase of birefringence at 151°C in the samples, higher than the iPP crystallization temperature, indicating liquid crystalline ordering. The samples were then crystallized at 135°C for 30 minutes. We measured anisotropic 2D-WAXS patterns of the samples that contained CNTs, indicating strong ordering of the crystals. Upon reheating, we measured birefringence at temperatures higher than the melting endotherm for the iPP crystals, using polarized microscopy, which indicates that some smectic order still persists in the samples, even after crystallization and complete melting of all crystals. Our results indicate that CNTs couple to the smectic phase of iPP, improve its order upon shearing and the crystals created after the formation of the oriented smectic phase are strongly aligned parallel to the direction of shearing.

Keywords

liquid crystalpolymercrystal
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1308: Symposium DD – Artificially Induced Crystalline Alignment in Thin Films and Nanostructures , 2011 , mrsf10-1308-dd07-09
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2011

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