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In Situ Reflectometry During LPCVD Tungsten Growth.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2011

Jisk Holleman
Affiliation:
University of Twente, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, p.o.b. 217 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
Albert Hasper
Affiliation:
University of Twente, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, p.o.b. 217 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
Jan Middelhoek
Affiliation:
University of Twente, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, p.o.b. 217 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Abstract

The formation of LPCVD tungsten by means of the reduction of WF6 with Si, H2 and SiH4 is monitored in situ using a wavelength adjustable reflectometer. The initial self stopping growth of W by Si reduction is strongly dependant on surface status [1]. SEM observations together with Auger depth profiling and weight measurements support a growth model of islands that grow laterally and vertically until islands touch. After the self stopping Si reduction the W layer was increased in thickness by either the h or SiH4 reduction. The surface roughness calculated from the reflectance appears to increase linearly with thickness in the case of H2 reduction. Typical rms roughness was found to be 7% of layer thickness in the H2 reduction case. The reflectance of H2 reduced W layers could be improved by interrupting the growth process with a renucleation step using SiH4. Selective deposition and in situ growth rate measurements can be monitored when the deposition is carried out on a grating of SiO2 as a mask. Precleaning of the reactor with an NF3 plasma results in a strong retardation of the H2 reduction reaction.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1990

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