Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T07:44:33.789Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Imaging Single Nacreous Tablets with the Atomic Force Microscope

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2011

R. Giles ,
S. Manne ,
C.M. Zaremba ,
A. Belcher ,
S. Mann ,
D.E. Morse ,
G.D. Stucky  and
P.K. Hansma
R. Giles
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara CA 93106, (USA)
S. Manne
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara CA 93106, (USA)
C.M. Zaremba
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, UCSB
A. Belcher
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, UCSB
S. Mann
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, (UK)
D.E. Morse
Affiliation:
Marine Biotechnology Center, UCSB
G.D. Stucky
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, UCSB
P.K. Hansma
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara CA 93106, (USA)
Get access

Abstract

After describing some recent developments in atomic force microscopy (AFM), a specific application to the study of shell ultrastructure is examined in detail. By embedding bleached nacreous tablets in epoxy and imaging them with the atomic force microscope (AFM) during in situ dissolution, it was possible to visualize the topography of both the top faces of the tablets and the impressions in epoxy made by the bottom faces of the tablets. This epoxy imprint reproduced tablet features down to the 10 nm scale. Using this technique it should be possible to measure correspondence between topographic features on the proximal and distal faces of tablets, which is necessary to form a three-dimensional picture of the nacreous region. In addition to these dissolution experiments, growth experiments (in modified sea water) on bleached, embedded tablets indicated that aragonite grows on a tablet as asperities oriented along the c axis, normal to the tablet surface. No change was seen on the surface of the epoxy, which confirmed that the crystals were growing on the tablet surface, not spontaneously nucleating out of solution.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 332: Symposium U – Determining Nanoscale Physical Properties of Materials by Microscopy and Spectroscopy , 1994 , 413
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

[1] Binnig, G., Quate, C.F. and Gerber, Ch., Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 930 (1986).Google Scholar
[2] Rugar, D. and Hansma, P.K., Phys. Today 43, 23 (1990).Google Scholar
[3] Sarid, D., Scanning Force Microscopy: With Applications to Electric, Magnetic, and Atomic Forces, (Oxford University Press, New York, 1991).Google Scholar
[4] Gratz, A.J. and Hillner, P.E., J. Crystal Growth 129, 789 (1993).Google Scholar
[5] Dove, P.M and Hochella, M.F. Jr., Geochem. et Cosmochem. Acta 57, 705 (1993).Google Scholar
[6] Hillner, P.E., Manne, S., Gratz, A.J. and Hansma, P.K., Faraday Discuss. 95, 191 (1993).Google Scholar
[7] Durbin, S.D. and Carlson, W.E., J. Crystal Growth 122, 71 (1992).Google Scholar
[8] Linder, A., Colchero, J., Apell, H.-J., Marti, O. and Mlynek, J., Ultramicroscopy 42–44, 329 (1992).Google Scholar
[9] Tao, N.J. and Lindsay, S.M., Biophys. J. 63, 1165 (1992).Google Scholar
[10] Kasas, S., Berdal, A. and Celio, M.R. in Scanning Probe Microscopies I, edited by Williams, C.C. (SPIE 1855, Los Angeles, 1993), pp. 17–25.Google Scholar
[11] Friedbacher, G., Hansma, P.K., Ramli, E. and Stucky, G.D., Science 253, 1261 (1991).Google Scholar
[12] Hoh, J.H. and Hansma, P.K., Trends in Cell Biology 2, 208 (1992).Google Scholar
[13] Putman, C.A.J., Hansma, H.G., Gaub, H.E. and Hansma, P.K., Langmuir 8, 3014 (1992).Google Scholar
[14] Sarid, D.S., Pax, P., Yi, L., Howells, S., Gallagher, M and Chen, T., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 3905 (1992).Google Scholar
[15] Baselt, D.R. and Baldeschwieler, J.D., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 908 (1993).Google Scholar
[16] Meyer, G. and Amer, N.M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 2100 (1990).Google Scholar
[17] Hipp, M., Bielefeldt, H., Colchero, J., Marti, O. and Mlynek, J., Ultramicroscopy 42–44, 1498 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[18] Putman, C.A.J., Werf, K.O. van der, Grooth, B.G. de, Hulst, H.F. van, Segesink, F.B. and Greve, J., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 1914 (1992).Google Scholar
[19] Sander, M., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 2591 (1993).Google Scholar
[20] Werf, K.O. van der, Putman, C.A.J., Grooth, B.G. de and Segerink, F.B., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 2892 (1992).Google Scholar
[21] Hoh, J.H., Revel, J.-P. and Hansma, P.K., Nanotechnology 2, 119 (1991).Google Scholar
[22] Hoh, J.H., Cleveland, J.P., Prater, C.B., Revel, J.-P. and Hansma, P.K., J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 114, 4917 (1992).Google Scholar
[23] Drake, B., Prater, C.B., Weisenhorn, A.L., Gould, S.A., Albrecht, T.R., Quate, C.F., Cannell, D.S., Hansma, H.G. and Hansma, P.K., Science 248, 1586 (1989).Google Scholar
[24] Weisenhorn, A.L., Hansma, P.K., Albrecht, T.R. and Quate, C.F., Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, 2651 (1989).Google Scholar
[25] Hartmann, U., Phys. Rev. B 43, 2404 (1991).Google Scholar
[26] Weisenhorn, A.L., Maivald, D., Butt, H.-J. and Hansma, P.K, Phys. Rev. B 45, 11226 (1992).,Google Scholar
[27] Zhong, Q., Inniss, D., Kjoller, K. and Elings, V.B., Surf. Sci. Lett. 290, 688 (1993).Google Scholar
[28] Hansma, P.K., Cleveland, J.P., Radmacher, M., Walters, D.A., Hillner, P., Bezanilla, M., Fritz, M., Vie, D., Hansma, H.G., Prater, C.B., Massie, J., Fukunaga, L., Gurley, J., and Elings, V., Appl. Phys. Lett. (in press).Google Scholar
[29] Weiner, S., CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem. 20, 365 (1986).Google Scholar
[30] Wise, S.W., Eclogae geol. Helv. 63, 775 (1970).Google Scholar
[31] Wada, K., Biomineralisation 6, 141 (1972).Google Scholar
[32] Mutvei, H., Calcif. Tiss. Res. 24, 11 (1977).Google Scholar
[23] “2 Ton Epoxy," Devcon Corporation, Danvers, MA 01923 USA.Google Scholar
[34] Nanoscope III from Digital Instruments, Santa Barbara, CA 93103 USA.Google Scholar
[35] The seawater was collected locally from the Pacific ocean near Santa Barbara, California, USA. It was irradiated with ultraviolet light, passed through a 0.2 pm filter and refrigerated until just before use.Google Scholar
[36] Putman, C.A.J, Werf, K.O. van der, Grooth, B.G. de, Hulst, N.F. van, Greve, J. and Hansma, P.K. in Scanning Probe Microscopies, edited by Manne, S., (SPIE 1639, Los Angeles, 1992), pp. 198–204.Google Scholar
[37] Wada, K., Bull. Natl. Pearl Res. Lab. 7, 703 (1961).Google Scholar
[38] Bevelander, G. and Nakahara, H., Calc. Tiss. Res. 3, 84 (1969).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[39] Nakahara, H., Bevelander, G. and Kakei, M., Venus 41, 33 (1982).Google Scholar
[40] Nakahara, H., in Mechanisms and Phylogeny of Mineralization in Biological Systems, edited by Suga, S. and Nakahara, H. (Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, 1991), pp. 343–356.Google Scholar
[41] Grütter, P., Zimmermann-Edling, W. and Brodbeck, D., Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 2741 (1992).Google Scholar
[42] Kitano, Y. and Hood, D.W., J. Oceanograph. Soc. Japan 18 (3), 35 (1962).Google Scholar