Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T01:00:32.161Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evidence of Conjugation Enhancement in P3HT/SWNT Mixtures for Organic Photovoltaics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 March 2011

Marco Bernardi ,
Michele Giulianini ,
Nunzio Motta  and
Jeffrey C. Grossman
Marco Bernardi
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, U.S.A.
Michele Giulianini
Affiliation:
School of Engineering Systems, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
Nunzio Motta
Affiliation:
School of Engineering Systems, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
Jeffrey C. Grossman
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, U.S.A.
Get access

Abstract

Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in conjunction with optical absorption and AFM/nano-Raman experiments are employed to relate the molecular-scale arrangement and conjugation of poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) adsorbed onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). Taken together our results demonstrate the templating role of carbon nanotubes in increasing the π-conjugation length of the P3HT at the P3HT/carbon nanotube interface. The MD simulations show that SWNTs and MWNTs, due to their inherent 1-dimensional (1D) cylindrical shape and π-conjugation, planarize the P3HT molecules adsorbed at their surface and thus quench their torsional disorder, regardless of the P3HT conformation and nanotube chirality. This effect is more significant for higher SWNT weight fractions in the sample (since it is an interface effect). We investigated this effect experimentally by acquiring nano-Raman spectra in regions of high-MWNT/low-P3HT content in addition to optical absorption spectra of P3HT-SWNT composites with different SWNT concentrations . The increase in the P3HT conjugation is confirmed by a shift of a P3HT feature in the Raman spectrum when going from P3HT-rich to SWNT-rich areas in the mixture. The significance of this work for charge transfer at the P3HT-SWNT interface in bulk-heterojunction solar cells is discussed.

Keywords

photovoltaicsimulationself-assembly
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1286: Symposium E – Molecular and Hybrid Materials for Electronics and Photonics , 2011 , mrsf10-1286-e08-56
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Hochbaum, A. I.; Yang, P. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 527–546.Google Scholar
2. Kymakis, E.; Amaratunga, G. A. J. in Organic Photovoltaics, Sun, S.-S., Sariciftci, N. S., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2005.Google Scholar
3. Kanai, Y.; Grossman, J. C. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 908–912.Google Scholar
4. Spataru, C. D.; Ismail-Beigi, S.; Benedict, L. X.; Louie, S. G. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 92, 077402.Google Scholar
5. Ham, M.-H.; Paulus, G. L.; Lee, C. Y.; Song, C.; Kalantarzadeh, K.; Choi, W.; Han, J.-H.; Strano, M. ACS Nano, 2010, 4, 6251–6259.Google Scholar
6. Holt, J. M.; Ferguson, A. J.; Kopidakis, N.; Larsen, B. A.; Bult, J.; Rumbles, G.; Blackburn, J. L. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 4627–4633.Google Scholar
7. Bindl, D. J.; Safron, N. S.; Arnold, M. S. ACS Nano 2010, 4, 5657–5664.Google Scholar
8. Ma, W.; Yang, C.; Gong, X.; Lee, K.; Heeger, A. J. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15, 1617–1622.Google Scholar
9. Bernardi, M.; Giulianini, M.; Grossman, J. C. ACS Nano 2010, 4, 6599.Google Scholar
10. LAMMPS Molecular Dynamics Simulator. http://lammps.sandia.gov.Google Scholar
11. Vukmirovic, N.; Wang, L.-W. J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 409–415.Google Scholar
12. Brown, P. J.; Thomas, D. S.; Kohler, A.; Wilson, J. S.; Kim, J.- S.; Ramsdale, C. M.; Sirringhaus, H.; Friend, R. H. Phys. Rev. B 2003, 67, 064203.Google Scholar
13. Heller, C.; Leising, G.; Godon, C.; Lefrant, S.; Fischer, W.; and Stelzer, F. Phys. Rev. B 1995, 51, 8107.Google Scholar
14. Giulianini, M.; Waclawik, E.R.; Bell, J.M.; Scarselli, M.; Castrucci, P.; De Crescenzi, M; et al. Submitted for Publication.Google Scholar