Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T17:43:24.464Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Epitaxial Growth of Magnetic Nickel Nanodots by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2011

H. Zhou ,
D. Kumar ,
A. Kvit ,
A. Tiwari  and
J. Narayan
H. Zhou
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering and NSF Center for Advanced Materials and Smart Structures. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695–7916, U.S.A.
D. Kumar
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering and NSF Center for Advanced Materials and Smart Structures. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695–7916, U.S.A.
A. Kvit
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering and NSF Center for Advanced Materials and Smart Structures. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695–7916, U.S.A.
A. Tiwari
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering and NSF Center for Advanced Materials and Smart Structures. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695–7916, U.S.A.
J. Narayan
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering and NSF Center for Advanced Materials and Smart Structures. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695–7916, U.S.A.
Get access

Abstract

Epitaxial nickel magnetic nanodots were obtained by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique on Si (100) substrate using epitaxial TiN film as the template. Characterization methods include: high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) Z-contrast imaging, selected area electron diffraction (SAD), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The results showed that as long as no coalescence between neighboring dots occurred, the dots are all single crystal. The predominant orientation relationship observed is Ni (100) // TiN (100) // Si (100), the so-called “cube-on-cube” orientation relationship. Other rotational orientation relationships, where the nickel crystal rotates an angle with respect to TiN (011) directions, were also observed. The dots are in faceted island shapes, bounded by (111) and (001) facets. The actual size of dots varies from a few nanometers to tens of nanometers, depending on the deposition time and temperature. The shape of a certain dot was found to be closely related to its epitaxial orientation. Effects of deposition temperature and template crystalline quality were studied. It was found that deposition temperature in a certain range does not have much influence on the epitaxial orientation of dots, while the crystalline quality of titanium nitride (the underlying template) is primarily responsible for the orientation variation. At the optimum condition, samples with a large fraction of cube-on-cube orientated nickel dots could be obtained in a rather wide temperature range (up to 250 °C), as evidenced by the strong reflections from both SAD and XRD. Samples containing more than one layer of nickel and titanium nitride matrix were also studied. The results showed that the degree of orientation perfection could be greatly improved by decreasing the size of dots.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 755: Symposium DD – Solid-State Chemistry of Inorganic Materials IV , 2002 , DD5.19
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Alivisatos, A. P., Science 271, 933 (1996)Google Scholar
2. Puntes, V. F., Krishnan, K. M., and Alivisatos, P., Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 2187 (2001)Google Scholar
3. Edelstein, A. S. and Cammarata, R. C., Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications (IOP, Bristol, 1998)Google Scholar
4. Barbara, B., Marchand, A. and Sampaio, L. C. in Magnetism and structure in systems of reduced dimension, edited by Farrow, Robin F. C., Dieny, Bernard, Donath, Marku, Fert, Albert. and Hermsmeier, B. D.. Pp359–376.Google Scholar
5. Kumar, D., Zhou, H., Nath, T.K., Kvit, A., and Narayan, J., Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2817 (2001).Google Scholar
6. Narayan, J., Tiwari, P., Chen, X., Singh, J., Chowdhury, R., and Zheleva, T.. Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 1290 (1992). J. Narayan, U. S. Patent 5,406,123 (4/1995).Google Scholar
7. Zhou, H., Kvit, A., Kumar, D., and Narayan, J., MRS Proceedings, Fall 2001, V9.12.Google Scholar
8. Fast Fourier Transform of high-resolution image shows that the typical rotation angle is around 83° and 90°, leading the inclined {111} planes forming a typical angle of 28° and 43° or 35.5° and 35.5° with the template surface, respectively.Google Scholar
9. Vitos, L., Ruban, A.V., Skriver, H.L., and Kollar, J., Surface Science, 411, 186 (1998). Surface energy of nickel (111) facets is 0.695 eV atom-1 (2.011 J m-2), compared to 0.969 eV atom-1 (2.426 J m-2) for (100) facets and 1.337 eV atom-1 (2.368 J m-2) for (110) facets.Google Scholar
10. Zheleva, Tsvetanka, Jagannadham, K., and Narayan, J., J. Appl. Phys. 75, 860(1994).Google Scholar