Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4rdrl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-07T18:16:20.204Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Energy Localization and the Initiation of Explosive Crystals by Shock or Impact

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2011

C. S. Coffey
C. S. Coffey*
Affiliation:
Naval Surface Warfare Center, White Oak Laboratory Silver Spring, MD 20903-5000
Get access

Abstract

The initiation of chemical reaction in explosive crystals during shock or impact is shown to be a solid state, quantum mechanical, process not accessible by a classical continuum approach. The process by which dislocations move in a solid is analyzed in terms of quantum mechanical tunneling. The motion of these dislocations significantly perturbs the lattice and creates phonons which, for low dislocation velocities can cause local ignition sites and for high dislocation velocities, can have energies sufficient to directly pump the internal vibrational modes of the explosive molecules and cause rapid molecular dissociation.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 296: Symposium Y – Structure and Properties of Energetic Materials , 1992 , 63
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Messiah, A., Quantum Mechanics, Vol.1. (Wiley, New York, 1961). p. 77.Google Scholar
2. Coffey, C. S., J. Appl. Phys. 66, 1654 (1989).Google Scholar
3. Campbell, J. D. and Ferguson, W. G., Phil. Mag. 21, 63 (1970).Google Scholar
4. Johnston, W. G. and Gilman, J. J., J. Appl. Phys. 33, 129 (1959).Google Scholar
5. Swegle, J. W. and Grady, D. E., J. Appl. Phys. 58, 692 (1985).Google Scholar
6. Coffey, C. S., Phys. Rev. B 24, 6984 (1981).Google Scholar
7. Coffey, C. S., Phys. Rev. B 32, 5335 (1984).Google Scholar
8. Coffey, C. S., J. Appl. Phys. 70 (8), 4248 (1991).Google Scholar
9. For the explosives PETN, TNT and TATB the shear moduli are approximately 5, 2 and 1 × 1010 dynes/cm2 respectively. A measure of their sensitivity can be had from the drop height from which a 2.5 kg mass will cause ignition in 35 mg samples in 50 % of the impacts. For these materials H50 is approximately 12, 70 and ≥ 300 cm respectively. For other materials the agreement is not as good, but the trend is well established.Google Scholar
10. Liddiard, T. P., Forbes, J. W. and Price, D., in Proc. of 9th Symposium on Detonation, 1989, p. 1235.Google Scholar
11. Campbell, A. W. and Travis, J. R., in Proc. of the 8th Symposium on Detonation, 1985, p. 1057.Google Scholar
12. Dick, J., Appl. Phys, Lett. 44, 859 (1984).Google Scholar