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Electrochemical Performance and Safety of Lithium Ion Battery Anodes Incorporating Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 September 2012

Matthew J. Ganter
Affiliation:
Golisano Institute for Sustainability, NanoPower Research Laboratories, 111 Lomb Memorial Drive,Rochester, NY 14623-5608, U.S.A
Roberta A. DiLeo
Affiliation:
Golisano Institute for Sustainability, NanoPower Research Laboratories, 111 Lomb Memorial Drive,Rochester, NY 14623-5608, U.S.A
Amanda Doucett
Affiliation:
Golisano Institute for Sustainability, NanoPower Research Laboratories, 111 Lomb Memorial Drive,Rochester, NY 14623-5608, U.S.A Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 77 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623-5608, U.S.A
Christopher M. Schauerman
Affiliation:
Golisano Institute for Sustainability, NanoPower Research Laboratories, 111 Lomb Memorial Drive,Rochester, NY 14623-5608, U.S.A
Reginald E. Rogers
Affiliation:
Golisano Institute for Sustainability, NanoPower Research Laboratories, 111 Lomb Memorial Drive,Rochester, NY 14623-5608, U.S.A Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 77 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623-5608, U.S.A
Gabrielle Gaustad
Affiliation:
Golisano Institute for Sustainability, NanoPower Research Laboratories, 111 Lomb Memorial Drive,Rochester, NY 14623-5608, U.S.A
Brian J. Landi
Affiliation:
Golisano Institute for Sustainability, NanoPower Research Laboratories, 111 Lomb Memorial Drive,Rochester, NY 14623-5608, U.S.A Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 77 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623-5608, U.S.A
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Abstract

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were incorporated into lithium ion battery anodes as conductive additives in mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) composites and as a free-standing support for silicon active materials. In the traditional MCMB composite, 0.5% w/w SWCNTs were used to replace 0.5% w/w SuperP conductive additives. The composite with 0.5% SWCNTs had nearly three times the conductivity which leads to improved electrochemical performance at higher discharge rates with a 20% increase in capacity at greater than a C/2 rate. The thermal stability and safety was measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and a 35% reduction in exothermic energy released was measured using the highly thermally conductive SWCNTs as an additive. Alternatively, free-standing SWCNT papers were coated with increasing amounts of silicon using a low pressure chemical vapor deposition technique and a silane precursor. Increasing the amount of silicon deposited led to a significant increase in specific capacity (>2000 mAh/g) and coulombic efficiency (>90%). At the highest silicon loading, the surface area of the electrode was reduced by over an order of magnitude which leads to lower solid electrolyte interface formation and improved safety as measured by DSC.

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Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2012

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