Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T08:38:59.644Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Developing Biosensors for Monitoring Orthopedic Tissue Growth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Sirinrath Sirivisoot
Affiliation:
[email protected], Brown University, Engineering, 182 Hope Street, Box D,, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, United States, 4014407251
Chang Yao
Affiliation:
[email protected], Brown University, Division of Engineering, Providence, RI, 02912, United States
Xingcheng Xiao
Affiliation:
[email protected], Brown University, Division of Engineering, Providence, RI, 02912, United States
Brian W. Sheldon
Affiliation:
[email protected], Brown University, Division of Engineering, Providence, RI, 02912, United States
Thomas J. Webster
Affiliation:
[email protected], Brown University, Division of Engineering, Providence, RI, 02912, United States
Get access

Abstract

The objective of this in vitro present study was to create a biosensor which can monitor in situ orthopedic tissue growth juxtaposed to a newly implanted orthopedic material. This biosensor has unique properties including the ability to sense, detect, and control bone regrowth. Such a biosensor is useful not only in regenerating tissue necessary for orthopedic implant success, but also to aid in informing an orthopedic surgeon whether sufficient new bone growth occurred. If the sensor determines that insufficient new bone growth occurred, the sensor can also act in an intelligent manner to release bone growth factors to increase bone formation. The primary biomaterial in this biosensor is anodized Ti, developed by chemical etching and passivation treatments. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), because of their electrical and mechanical properties, are essential to consider when designing such biosensors since they will be used to apply and measure conductivity changes as new bone grows next to the implant. For this, parallel multiwall CNTs were grown from the pores of the anodized Ti by a chemical vapor deposition process. Lastly, these sensors will be composed of a conductive, biodegradable, polymer layer that degrades when bone grows and, consequently, undergoes a change in conductivity that can be measured by the CNTs grown out of the anodized Ti. This conductive, biodegradable polymer consists of polypyrrole (which is conductive) and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (which is biodegradable). Preliminary in vitro results suggest that osteoblast functions (specifically alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition) on CNTs grown on anodized Ti are significantly enhanced when compared to anodized Ti and currently-used Ti; thus, it is anticipated that bone growth could be enhanced on these novel biomaterial sensors.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Ager III, J.W., Balooch, G., and Ritchie, R.O., Journal of Materials Research, 21, 18781891 (2006).Google Scholar
2. Frost, H. M., Bone remodeling dynamics, (Charles C Thomas Publisher, 1963)Google Scholar
3. Rivers, T.J., Hudson, T.W., and Schmidt, C.E., Advanced Functional Materials 12, 3337 (2002).Google Scholar
4. Khang, D., Sato, M., Price, R.L., Ribbe, A. E. and Webster, T.J, International Journal of Nanomedicine 1, 6572 (2006)Google Scholar
5. Zhu, X., Chen, J., Scheideler, L., Reichl, R. and Geis-Gerstorfer, J., Biomaterials 25, 40874103 (2004).Google Scholar
6. Talapatra, S., Kar, S., Pal, S.K., Vajtai, R., Cl, L., Victor, P., Shaijumon, M.M., Kaur, S., Nalamasu, O., and Ajayan, P.M., Nature Nanotechnology, Letter, 1-5 (2006).Google Scholar
7. Roy, S., Vedala, H., and Choi, W., Nanotechnology, 17, S14S18 (2006).Google Scholar
8. Ngo, Q., Petranovic, D., Krishnan, S., Cassell, A.M., Ye, Q., Li, J., and Meyyappan, M., IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, 3, 311317 (2004).Google Scholar
9. Park, G. E. and Webster, T.J., Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 1, 1829 (2005).Google Scholar
10. Bekyarova, E., Ni, Y., Malarikey, E. B., Montana, V., McWilliams, J. L., Haddon, R. C., and Parpura, V., Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 1, 317 (2005).Google Scholar
11. Ciombor, D. M. and Aaron, R. K., Journal of Cell Biochemistry 52, 3741 (1993); Foot Ankle Clinical 10, 579–593 (2005).Google Scholar
12. Cen, L., Neoh, K. G., and Kang, E. T., Langmuir 18, 86338640 (2002).Google Scholar
13. Yao, C., Perla, V., McKenzie, J.L., Slamovich, E.B., Webster, T.J., Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 1, 6873 (2005).Google Scholar
14. Lovat, V., Pantarotto, D., Lagostena, L., Cacciari, B., Grandolfo, M. and Righi, M. et al., Nano Letter, 5, 11071110 (2005).Google Scholar
15. MacDonald, R.A., Laurenzi, B.F., Viswanathan, G., Ajayan, P.M. and Stegemann, J.P., Journal of Biomedicine Materials Research, 74A, 489496 (2005)Google Scholar
16. Correa-Duarte, M.A., Wagner, N., Rojas-Chapana, J., Morsczeck, C., Thie, M. and Giersig, M., Nano Letter, 4, 22332236 (2004).Google Scholar
17. Supronowicz, P.R., Ajayan, P.M., Ullmann, K.R., Arulanandam, B.P., Metzger, D.W. and Bizios, R., Journal of Biomedicine Materials Research, 59, 499506 (2002).Google Scholar
18. Jia, G., Wang, H., Yan, L., Wang, X., Pei, R. and Yan, T. et al., Environmental Science and Technology, 39, 13781383 (2005).Google Scholar
19. Manna, S.K., Sarkar, S., Barr, J., Wise, K., Barrera, E.V. and Jejelowo, O. et al., Nano Letter, 5, 16761684 (2005).Google Scholar
20. Fleury, C., Peti, A., Mwale, F., Antoniou, J., Zukor, D.J., Tabrizian, M., and Huk, O., Biomaterials, 27, 33513360 (2006).Google Scholar
21. Allen, M.J., Myer, B.J., Millett, P.J., Rushton, N., British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery, 79–B, 475482 (1997).Google Scholar