Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T13:26:10.661Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The design of Optical Limiters Based on the Formation of Bipolaron-Like Dications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 September 2012

Charles W. Spangler  and
Mingqian He
Charles W. Spangler
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 95717, [email protected]
Mingqian He
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
Get access

Abstract

During the past decade, there has been considerable effort in the design of new materials with greatly enhanced nonlinear absorption characteristics. In recent years, it has been shown that incorporation of bipolaronic charges in the pi-electron sequence in conjugated polymers or copolymers leads to enhanced third-order nonlinear optical properties. In this current study a design strategy for the synthesis of optical power limiting copolymers is presented whose properties are based on the photogeneration of stable bipolaron-like dications.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 479: Symposium S – Materials for Optical Limiting II , 1997 , 59
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Miles, P.A., Appl. Opt. 33(30), 6955 (1994).Google Scholar
2. Coulter, D.R., Miskowski, V.M., Perry, J.W., Wei, T., Van Stryland, W.W. and Hagan, D.J., Proc. SPIE 1105, 42 (1989).Google Scholar
3. Shirk, J.S., Ping, R.G.S., Bartoli, F.J. and Snow, A.W., Appl. Phys. Lett 63, 1880 (1993).Google Scholar
4. Flom, S.R., Ping, R.G.S. and Shirk, J.S., Polym. Prepr. 36(1), 240 (1995).Google Scholar
5. Perry, J.W., Mansour, K., Miles, D., Chen, C.T., Marder, S.R., Kuang, G. and Kennedy, M., Polym. Mat. Sci. Eng. 72, 222 (1995).Google Scholar
6. Tutt, L.W. and Kost, A., Opt. Lett. 18, 334 (1993).Google Scholar
7. Tutt, L.W. and Kost, A., Nature, 356, 225 (1992).Google Scholar
8. Hoffman, R.C., Stetyick, K.A., Potember, R.S. and McLean, D.G., J. Opt. Sci. Am. B, 6, 772 (1989).Google Scholar
9. Tuft, L.W. and McCahon, S.W., Opt. Lett, 15, 700 (1990).Google Scholar
10. Perry, J.W., Mansour, K., Marder, S.R., Chen, C.-T., Miles, P., Kenney, M.E. and Kwag, G., Mat. Res. Coc. Symp. 374, 257 (1995).Google Scholar
11. Perry, J.W., Mansour, K., Lee, I.-Y., Wu, X.-L., Bedworth, P.V., Chen, C.-T., Ng, D., Marder, S.R., Miles, P., Wada, T., Tian, M. and Sasabe, H., Science, 273, 1533 (1996).Google Scholar
12. Patil, O.A., Heeger, A.J. and Wudi, F., Chem. Rev. 88, 183 (1989).Google Scholar
13. Frommer, J.E. and Chance, P.R., in Electrical and Electronic Properties of Polymers: A State of the Art Compendium, edited by Kroschwitz, J., John Wiley, New York, 1988, pp. 56–101.Google Scholar
14. Spangler, C. and He, M., in Handbook of Conductive Molecules and Polymers, Vol.2. Conductive Polymers: Synthesis and Elecrical Properties, edited by Nalwa, H.S., John Wiley, New York, 1997, pp. 389–414.Google Scholar
15. Friend, R.H., Bradley, D.D.C. and Townsend, P.D., J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 20, 1367 (1987).Google Scholar
16. Luzzati, S., Botta, C., Romanoni, M. and Comoretto, D., Proc. SPIE, 2025, 450 (1993).Google Scholar
17. Spangler, C.W., Liu, P.-K., Dembek, A.A. and Havelka, K.O., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1,799 (1991).Google Scholar
18. Spangler, C.W. and Liu, P.-K., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1959 (1992).Google Scholar
19. Spangler, C.W., Liu, P.-K. and Havelka, K.O., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1207 (1992).Google Scholar
20. Spangler, C.W. and He, M.Q., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 715 (1995).Google Scholar
21. Spangler, C.W., He, M.Q., Laquindanum, J., Dalton, L., Tang, N., Partanen, J. and Hellwarth, R., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp 328, 655 (1994).Google Scholar
22. Spangler, C.W. and He, M., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 413, 221 (1996).Google Scholar
23. Sapochak, L.S., Strohkendl, F., Dalton, L.R., Tang, N., Partanen, J.P., Hellwarth, R.W., Chang, T.Y., Spangler, C.W. and Lin, Q., in Organic Materials for Non-Linear Optics III, edited by Ashwell, G.J. and Bloor, D., Roy. Soc. Chem., Cambridge, 1993, pp. 283–288.Google Scholar
24. Suiatkiewicz, J., Orczyk, M.E., Prasad, P.N., Spangler, C.W. and He, M., Proc. SPIE 2025, 400 (1993).Google Scholar
25. Tang, N., Partanen, J. P., Hellwarth, R.W., Laquindanum, J., Dalton, L.R., He, M.Q. and Spangler, C.W., Proc. SPIE, 2285, 1861 (1994).Google Scholar