Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T04:14:00.130Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Curvature-induced Symmetry Lowering and Anomalous Dispersion of Phonons in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2011

Jason Reppert ,
Ramakrishna Podila ,
Nan Li ,
Codruta Z. Loebick ,
Steven J. Stuart ,
Lisa D. Pfefferle  and
Apparao M. Rao
Jason Reppert
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy; Center for Optical Material Science and Engineering Technologies, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.
Ramakrishna Podila
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy; Center for Optical Material Science and Engineering Technologies, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.
Nan Li
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Codruta Z. Loebick
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Steven J. Stuart
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
Lisa D. Pfefferle
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Apparao M. Rao
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy; Center for Optical Material Science and Engineering Technologies, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.
Get access

Abstract

Here we report rich and new resonant Raman spectral features for several sub-nanometer diameter single wall carbon nanotubes (sub-nm SWNTs) samples grown using chemical vapor deposition technique operating at different temperatures. We find that the high curvature in sub-nm SWNTs leads to (i) an unusual S-like dispersion of the G‑band frequency due to perturbations caused by the strong electron-phonon coupling, and (ii) an activation of diameter-selective intermediate frequency modes that are as intense as the radial breathing modes (RBMs). Furthermore, an analytical approach which includes the effects of curvature into the overlap integral and the energy gap between the van Hove singularities is discussed. Lastly, we show that the phonon spectra for sub-nm SWNTs obtained from the molecular dynamic simulations which employs a curvature-dependent force field concur with our experimental observations.

Keywords

Raman spectroscopynanostructurechemical vapor deposition (CVD) (deposition)
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1284: Symposium C – Fundamentals of Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials , 2011 , mrsf10-1284-c10-28
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Jorio, A, Dresselhaus, MS, Dresselhaus, G. Carbon Nanotubes. Topics in Applied Physics 111. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2008.Google Scholar
2. Samsonidze, G, Saito, R, Jorio, A, Pimenta, MA, Souza Filho, AG, Gruneis, A, et al. . The Concept of Cutting lines in Carbon Nanotube Science. J Nanosci Nanotech 2003; 3: 431–58.Google Scholar
3. Fantini, C, Jorio, A, Souza, M, Saito, R, Samsonidze, ,Dresselhaus, MS, et al. . Step-like Dispersion of the Intermediate Frequency Raman Modes in Semiconducting and Metallic Carbon Nanotubes. Phys Rev B 2005; 72: 085446–1-5.Google Scholar
4. Yorikowa, H, Muramastu, S. Energy gaps of Semiconducting Nanotubules. Phys Rev B 1995; 52: 2723–27.Google Scholar
5. Stuart, SJ, Tutein, AB, Harrison, JA. A Reactive Potential for Hydrocarbons with Intermolecular Interactions. J Chem Phys 2000; 112: 6472–86.Google Scholar
6. Li, N, Wang, X, Ren, F, Haller, GL, Pfefferle, LD. Diameter Tuning of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Reaction Temperature Using a Co Mono metallic Catalyst. J Phys Chem C 2009; 113: 10070–78.Google Scholar
7. Loebick, CZ, Derrouiche, S, Marinkovic, N, Wang, X, Hennrich, F, Kappes, M, et al. . Effect of Manganese Addition to the Co-MCM-41 Catalyst in the Selective Synthesis of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem C 2009; 113: 21611–20.Google Scholar
8. Loebick, CZ, Podila, R, Reppert, J, Chudow, J, Ren, F, Haller, GL, et al. . Selective Synthesis of Subnanometer Diameter Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Am. Chem. Soc 2010; 132: 11125–31.Google Scholar
9. Sasaki, K, Saito, R, Dresselhaus, G, Dresselhaus, MS, Farhat, H, Kong, J. Curvature‑induced Optical Phonon Frequency Shift in Metallic Carbon Nanotubes. Phys Rev B 2008; 77: 245441–1-8.Google Scholar
10. Rao, AM, Eklund, PC, Bandow, S, Thess, A, Smalley, RE. Evidence for Charge Transfer in Doped Carbon Nanotube Bundles from Raman Scattering. Nature 1997; 388: 257–59.Google Scholar
11. Brown, SDM, Jorio, A, Corio, P, Dresselhaus, MS, Dresselhaus, G, Saito, R, et al. . Origin of the Breit-Wigner-Fano Lineshape of the Tangential G‑band Feature of Metallic Carbon Nanotubes. Phys Rev B 2001; 63:155414–1-8.Google Scholar
12. Kwon, YK, Saito, S, Tomanek, S. Effect of Intertube Coupling on the Electronic Structure of Carbon Nanotube Ropes. Phys Rev B 1998; 58: R13314–17.Google Scholar
13. Saito, R, Takeya, T, Kimura, T, Dresselhaus, G, Dresselhaus, MS. Raman Intensity of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Phys Rev B 1997; 57: 4145–53.Google Scholar
14. Pettifor, DG, Oleinik, II. Analytical bond-order potentials beyond Tersoff-Brenner. I. Theory. Phys Rev B. 1999; 59: 8487–99.Google Scholar
15. Tomanek, D, Enbody, RJ. Science and Applications of nanotubes. New York: Kluwer Acdemic publishers; 2000.Google Scholar
16. Podila, R., Reppert, J., Li, N., Loebick, C.Z., Stuart, S.J., Pfefferle, L.D., Rao, A.M., Curvature-induced Symmetry Lowering and Anomalous Dispersion of the G-band in Carbon Nanotubes, Carbon (2010), doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.10.033 Google Scholar
17. Yang, W, Wang, RZ, Wang, YF, Yan, H. Are deformed modes still Raman active for single-wall carbon nanotubes? Physica B: Condensed Matter 2008; 408: 3009–12.Google Scholar
18. Katuara, H, Kumazawa, Y, Maniwa, Y, Umezu, I, Suzuki, S, Ohtsuka, Y, et al. . Optical Properties of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Synthetic Metals 1999; 103: 2555–58.Google Scholar
19. Odom, TW, Huang, JL, Kim, P, Lieber, CM. Atomic Structure and Electronic Properties of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes. Nature 1998; 391: 62–65.Google Scholar
20. Wildoer, JWG, Venema, LC, Rinzler, AG, Smalley, RE, Dekker, C. Electronic Structure of Atomically Resolved Carbon Nanotubes. Nature 1998; 391: 59–62.Google Scholar
21. Jorio, A, Saito, R, Hafner, JH, Lieber, CM, Hunter, M, McClure, T, et al. . Structural (n, m) Determination of Isolated Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes by Resonant Raman Scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86: 1118–21.Google Scholar
22. Kurti, J, Kresse, G, Kuzmany, H. First-principles Calculations of the Radial Breathing Mode of Single-wall Carbon nanotubes. Phys Rev B 1998; 58: R8869–72.Google Scholar
23. Tang, ZK, Wang, N, Zhang, XX, Wang, JN, Chan, CT, Sheng, P. Novel properties of 0.4 nm Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Templated in the Channels of AlPO4-5 single crystals. New Journal of Physics 2003; 5:146.1-29.Google Scholar
24. Wang, F, Dukovic, G, Brus, LE, Heinz, T.F. The Optical Resonances in carbon nanotubes Arise from Excitons. Science 2005; 308: 838–41.Google Scholar