Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T15:29:35.288Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Critical Assessment of Microwave-Enhanced Diffusion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2011

Steven J. Rothman
Steven J. Rothman*
Affiliation:
Journal of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 8296, Argonne, IL 60439
Get access

Abstract

The use of microwave heating or microwave plasmas in the sintering of ceramics has often been observed to result in more rapid sintering than the same heating schedule in a conventional furnace; the increased sintering rate has sometimes been ascribed to the enhancement of diffusion by microwave heating/plasma. Some experiments on diffusion measurements under microwave heating have also been carried out in order to check this hypothesis. In this paper, we evaluate the experimental evidence for microwave enhanced diffusion, discuss the various models that have been proposed for the enhanced diffusion, and suggest some further experiments aimed at understanding these phenomena.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 347: Symposium O – Microwave Processing of Materials IV , 1994 , 9
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Janney, M. A. and Kimrey, H. D. in Microwave Processing of Materials II, edited by Snyder, W. B. Jr, Sutton, W. H., Iskander, M. F., and Johnson, D. L. (Mater. Res. Soc. Proc. 189, Pittsburgh, PA, 1991) pp. 215–227.Google Scholar
2. Bennett, C.E.G., McKinnon, N. A., and Williams, L.S., Nature 217, 1287 (1968).Google Scholar
Kemer, E.L. and Johnson, D. L., Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 64, 1132 (1985).Google Scholar
3. Katz, J. D., Blake, R. D., and Kenkre, V. M., in Microwaves: Theory and Applications in Materials Processing, edited by Clark, D. E., Gac, F. D., and Sutton, W. H. (Ceramic Transactions 21, American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 1991) pp. 95–106.Google Scholar
4. Kuczynski, G. C., Trans. Am. Inst. Mining Met. Eng. 185, 169 (1949).Google Scholar
5. Herring, C., in Powder Metallurgy (edited by Kingston, W. E., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951) pp. 143–179; J. Appl. Phys. 21, 301 (1950).Google Scholar
6. Coble, R. L., J. Appl. Phys. 32, 787 (1961).Google Scholar
7. Kingery, W. D. and Berg, M., J. Appl. Phys. 26, 1205 (1955);Google Scholar
Johnson, D. L., J. Appl. Phys. 40, 192 (1969).Google Scholar
8. Volin, T. E. and Balluffi, R. W., Phys. Stat. Sol. 25, 163 (1968).Google Scholar
9. Hansen, J. D., Rusin, R. P., Teng, R.-P., and Johnson, D. L., J. Amer. Cer. Soc. 75, 1129 (1992).Google Scholar
10. Hansen, J. D., PhD thesis, Northwestern University 1992, quoted in ref. 9.Google Scholar
11. Sizmann, R., J. Nucl. Mater, 69–70, 386 (1978).Google Scholar
12. Johnson, D. L., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 74, 849 (1991).Google Scholar
13. Rothman, S. J. in Diffusion in Crystalline Solids, edited by Murch, G. E. and Nowick, A. S. (Academic Press, Orlando FL, 1984) pp. 1–61.Google Scholar
14. Rothman, S. J. in Diffusion in Materials, edited by Laskar, A. L., Bocquet, J.-L., Brebec, G., and Monty, C. (NATO ASI ser. e 179, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1990) pp. 269–286.Google Scholar
15. See, e.g., Philibert, J., Atom Movements (Les Editions de Physique, Les Ulis, 1991) pp. 1–2.Google Scholar
16. Le Claire, A. D., Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 14, 351 (1963).Google Scholar
17. Janney, M. A., Kimrey, H. D., and Kiggans, J. O., in Microwave Processing of Materials III, (Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 269, Pittsburgh, PA, 1992) pp. 173–186.Google Scholar
18. Mershon, J. in Microwaves: Theory and Applications in Materials Processing, edited by Clark, D. E., Gac, F. D., and Sutton, W. H. (Ceramic Transactions 21, American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 1991) pp. 641–646.Google Scholar
19. Fathi, Z., Clark, D. E., and Hutcheon, R. in Microwave Processing of Materials III, (Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 269, Pittsburgh, PA, 1992) pp. 347–351.Google Scholar
20. Fathi, Z., Folz, D. C., Clark, D. E., and Hutcheon, R., Ceramic Trans. 36, 333 (1993).Google Scholar
21. Williams, E. L. and Heekman, R. W., Phys. Chem. Glasses 5, 166 (1964).Google Scholar
22. Haywood, P. H., Phys. Chem. Glasses 18, 1 (1977).Google Scholar
23. Meek, T. T., Blake, R. D., Katz, J. D., Bradberry, J. R., and Brooks, M. H., Mater, J.. Sci. Lett. 7, 928 (1988).Google Scholar
24. Fathi, Z., Cozzi, A. D., and Clark, D. E., Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 13, 1066 (1992).Google Scholar
25. Ormrod, S. E. and Kirk, D. L., J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 10, 1497 (1977).Google Scholar
26. Stubican, V. S. and Osenbach, J. W., Adv. Ceramics 10, 406 (1984).Google Scholar
27. Bardeen, J. and Herring, C. in Imperfections in Nearly Perfect Crystals, edited by Shockley, W., (Wiley, New York, 1952) pp. 261–288.Google Scholar
28. Manning, J. R., Diffusion Kinetics for Atoms in Crystals (Van Nostrand, Princeton, 1968).Google Scholar
29. Ahmad, I. and Clark, D. E., in Microwaves: Theory and Applications in Materials Processing, edited by Clark, D. E., Gac, F. D., and Sutton, W. H. (Ceramic Transactions 21, American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 1991) pp. 605–612.Google Scholar
30. Freeman, S. A., Booske, J. H., Cooper, R. F., Meng, B., Kieffer, J., and Reardon, B. J. in Microwaves: Theory and Application in Materials Processing (Ceramic Transactions 23, American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 1993) pp. 213–220.Google Scholar
31. Rothman, S. J., Peterson, N. L., Laskar, A. L., and Robinson, L. C., J. Phys. Chem. Solids 33, 1061 (1972).Google Scholar
32. Sparks, M., King, D. F., and Mills, D. L., Phys. Rev. B 26, 6987 (1982);Google Scholar
Subbaswamy, K. R. and Mills, D. L., Phys. Rev. B 33, 4213 (1986).Google Scholar
33. Newnham, R. E., Jang, S. J., Xu, M., and Jones, F. in Microwaves: Theory and Applications in Materials Processing edited by Clark, D. E., Gac, F. D., and Sutton, W. H. (Ceramic Transactions 21, American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 1991) pp. 51–67.Google Scholar
34. Kenkre, V. M. in Microwaves: Theory and Applications in Materials Processing, edited by Clark, D. E., Gac, F. D., and Sutton, W. H. (Ceramic Transactions 21, American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 1991) pp. 69–80.Google Scholar
35. Ref. 15, p. 112.Google Scholar
36. Reardon, B. J., Kieffer, J., Booske, J. H., and Cooper, R. F. in Microwaves: Theory and Application in Materials Processing (Ceramic Transactions 23, American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 1993) pp. 239–246.Google Scholar