Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T16:14:26.414Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Characterization of Polymer Dielectrics for High-Density Electronic Packaging

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 February 2011

David W. Wang
Affiliation:
Systems Technology Division, IBM Corporation, 1701 North Street, Endicott, NY 13760
Ho-Ming Tong
Affiliation:
General Technology Division, IBM Corporation, Route 52 Hopewell Junction, NY 12533
Get access

Abstract

Because of rapid advances in semiconductor technology, polymer dielectrics are finding widespread use in high-density packaging to improve performance and processability. Notable among these materials are polyimides, benzocyclobutene resins, and fluoropolymer containing composites.

Polyimides have been used extensively for chip passivation and first-level packaging. Benzocyclobutenes, processed as conventional thermosets, are being investigated as thin film dielectric for use in multichip modules. A silicon containing derivative can be used as a plasma etch stop. Polytetrafluoroethylene is used either as matrix or reinforcement in circuit boards to produce a low dielectric constant composite.

Knowledge of materials properties is crucial to ensure the reliability and function of products incorporating these polymers. In this article, a few selected characterization techniques for the determination of important materials properties such as solvent diffusion, plasma etch rate, and thermomechanical characteristics will be discussed.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Jeannote, D.A., Goldman, L.S., and Howard, R.T., in “Microelectronic Packaging Handbook,” edited by Tummala, R.R. Rymazewsk, and E.J. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1989).Google Scholar
2. Tong, H.M. and Nguyen, L.T., “New Characterization Techniques for Thin Polymer Films,” John Wiley & Sons, New York (1990).Google Scholar
3. Day, D.R. in “Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation7B, 1573 (1988).Google Scholar
4. Day, D.R. “Dynamic Cure and Diffusion Monitoring in Thin Encapsulant Films” Proc. 38th Elect. Comp. Conf., (1988) p. 457.Google Scholar
5. Tong, H.M. and Saenger, K.L., J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 38, 937 (1989)Google Scholar
6. Tong, H.M., Hu, C., Feger, C. and Ho, P., Polym. Eng. Sci., 26, 1213, (1986).Google Scholar
7. Tong, H.M., Saenger, K.L. and Durning, C.J., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 27, 689, (1989).Google Scholar
8. Krasicky, P.D., Groele, R.J., and Rodriguez, F., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 35, 641, (1988).Google Scholar
9. Muramatsu, H., Tamiya, E., and Karube, I., Anal. Chem., 60, 2142, (1988).Google Scholar
10. Kanazawa, K.K. and Reed, C.E., Proc. 41st Freq. Control Symp., 350 (1987).Google Scholar
11. Green, P.F., Russel, T.P., Granville, M. and Jerome, R., Macromolecules, 22, 908, (1989).Google Scholar
12. Green, P.F. and Doyle, B.L., Nuclear Instr. Meth. Phys., B18, 64, (1986).Google Scholar
13. Coufal, H. and Lee, W., Appl. Phys. B44, 141, (1987).Google Scholar
14. Hutchins, D.A. in “Physical Acoustics,” edited by Mason, W.P. and Thurston, R.N., Vol. 18, 21, Academic Press, New York (1986).Google Scholar
15. Binnig, G., Quate, C.F., and Gerber, C.. Phys. Rev. Lett., 56, 930, (1986).Google Scholar
16. Abadie, M.J.M. and Appelt, B.K., Bull. Soc. Chim. Fran. no.1, 20–24 (1988).Google Scholar
17. Cain, S.R., Matienzo, L.J., and Wang, D.W., J. Mater. Res. 5(8), 17331738 (1990).Google Scholar
18. Traskos, R.T., Smith, W.D., and Lockard, S.C., Proc. Tech. Program, NEPCON West 90 (1990) pp. 14041416.Google Scholar
19. Rossi, R.D., Machiesky, P.D., Fenelli, J.S., and McMahon, J.M., Intl. SAMPE Electronic Conf. Ser. 4, 481494 (1990).Google Scholar
20. Johnson, R.W., Phillips, T.L., Weider, W.K., Hahn, S.F., Burdeaux, D.C., and Townsend, P.H., IEEE Trans. Compon. Hybrids Manuf. Technol. (USA) 13(2),347352 (1990).Google Scholar
21. Fu, T., Durning, C.J. and Tong, H.M., “A Simple Model for Swelling Induced Stresses in a Supported Polymer Thin Film,” submitted to J. Appl. Polym. Sci.Google Scholar
22. Tong, H.M., Saenger, K.L. and Durning, C.J., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 27, 689, (1989).Google Scholar
23. Kirchoff, R.A., U.S. Pat. 4540763 (1985).Google Scholar
24. Chuah, H.H., Tan, L.-S., and Arnold, F.E., Polym. Eng. Sci. 29, 107, (1989).Google Scholar
25. Tan, L.S. and Arnold, F.E., U.S. Pat. 4,675,370 (1987).Google Scholar
26. Carr, J.N., Burdeaux, D.C., Townsend, P.H., Mamial, T.A., Tsao, T., Ritter, T., and Lester, R., Technical Report “Migration From Printed Wiring Board to Multichip Module Technology,” Dow Chemical Co. 1990.Google Scholar
27. Johnson, R.W., Phillips, T.L., Hahn, S.F., Burdeaux, D.C., and Townsend, P.H.; Intl. Soc. of Hybrid Microelectronics Proc.; Oct. 1988; p. 365.Google Scholar
28. Moss, S.J., Polym. Degradation and Stabil. 17, 205, (1987).Google Scholar
29. Wang, D.W., in “Electronic Packaging Materials Science III,” edited by Jaccodine, R., Jackson, K.A., and Sundlhl, R.C., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. vol. 108, (1988) p.125 Google Scholar
30. Shimp, D.A., Christenson, J.R., and Ising, S.J., Proc. 34th Intl. SAMPE Symp., 34, 222, (1989).Google Scholar
31. Bogen, G.W., Lyssy, M.E., Monnerat, G.A., and Woo, E.P., SAMPE J., 24(6), 19 (1988).Google Scholar
32. Monnerat, G.A. and Dulcamara, P.B., Intl. SAMPE Electronic Conf. Ser. 4, 132146 (1990).Google Scholar
33. Sessions, H.R. Jr., Labriola, J.M., and Drake, R.E., Intl. SAMPE Electronic Conf. Ser. 4, 158166 (1990).Google Scholar
34. Hunston, D.L., Griffith, J.R., and Bowers, R.C., Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 17(1), 10 (1978).Google Scholar
35. Rosser, R.W., Cehn, T.S., and Taylor, M., Polym. Composites (5)3, 198, (1984).Google Scholar
36. Sasaki, S., J. Polym. Sci. Part C: Polym Lett. 24, 249252 (1986).Google Scholar
37. Squire, E.N., U.S. Pat. 4,754,009 (1988).Google Scholar
38. Resnik, P.R., ACS Polym. Preprint, 31(1), 312 (1990).Google Scholar
39. Komada, I. and Hatakeyama, M., U.S. Pat. 4,772,509 (1988).Google Scholar
40. Lusignea, R.W. and Stevenson, W.A., U.S. Pat. 4,871,595 (1989).Google Scholar