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Characterization Of Heattreated Polyparaphenylene-Based Carbons

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2011

M. J. Matthewsa ,
M. Endo ,
T. Takahashi ,
Y. Nishimura ,
T. Takamuku  and
M. S. Dresselhaus
M. J. Matthewsa
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
M. Endo
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, 380 Japan
T. Takahashi
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, 380 Japan
Y. Nishimura
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, 380 Japan
T. Takamuku
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, 380 Japan
M. S. Dresselhaus
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
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Abstract

Raman spectroscopy and TEM measurements were recently performed on a series of polyparaphenylene (PPP)-based carbon samples which were heat-treated to temperatures between 600°C and 3000°C. Particular attention is focused on the development of carbonaceous structures at low heat-treatment temperatures (THT) in the range 600°C ≤ THT ≥ 800°C. PPP-based carbons heat treated in this temperature range have been found to have a very high affinity for the electrochemical introduction of lithium, which is of particular interest in ‘rocking-chair’ rechargeable Li batteries. Specific (Faradaic) capacities of up to 1120 mAh/g have been obtained for PPPbased carbon anodes with a THT of 700°C, which is about three times the capacity of GIC-based anode materials. At a heat-treatment temperature of 700° C, the PPPbased carbon has a disordered-granular appearance, as observed from TEM, while a ribbon-like graphitic structure is seen for heat treatment near 3000°C. Furthermore, Raman spectra show that, near a THT of 700° C, these PPP-based materials undergo a carbonization transformation from a mostly polymer-type extended lattice to a disordered carbon matrix, which undergoes partial graphitization at higher THT. Upon the introduction of small amounts of substitutionally-doped Boron (1% - 3% atomic), various properties are substantially modified. In this work we briefly discuss the effect of B-doping on the PPP-based carbon structure.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 413: Symposium W – Electrical, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Organic Solid State Materials III , 1995 , 701
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1996

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References

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