Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T01:45:50.405Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ceramics as Engineering Materials: Structure-Property-Processing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2011

H. Kent Bowen
H. Kent Bowen*
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMaterials Processing Center (Room 12-007)Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
Get access

Abstract

Ceramic materials are currently being used in many applications and account for about $26 B of the U.S. economy in low value-added products (glass, refactories, cement, whitewares, etc.) and nearly $4 B of high value-added components (chip carriers, waveguides, capacitors, cutting tools, etc.). There are many new applications of ceramics in high technology engineering systems which will result in significant growth of the ceramics business if the materials research triad Structure-Property-PROCESSING moves from the laboratory to the manufacturing plant. Each component can be classified by function (e.g., thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic, optical, biological, and nuclear); configuration (e.g., film, monolith, composite, porous, and single crystal); or processing route (e.g., powder processing, glass forming, and crystal growth). The opportunities are greatest for those components which have a well established processing science base or an unique fabrication method.

Thirty years of research have shown that the critical physical/chemical properties are strongly related to the structure on one or more levels: few angstroms - crystal structure and phases; 10–100 Å - boundary or grain boundary layers or phases; 1 μm - microstructure (grain size, porosity, interpenetrating phases, etc.); and macro-structure including joining, shape and dimensional tolerances. The major focus of this overview relates to issues of reliability and reproducibility in processing polycrystalline ceramics and the relationship between processing and the control of the structure and properties. Examples considered are those of high value-added components where design and functionality justify improved material characteristics.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 24: Symposium B – Defect Properties and Processing of High-Technology Nonmetallic Materials , 1983 , 1
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Adapted from, “U.S. Ceramic Market Data,” Bull. Am. Ceram. Soc., 62, 549 (1983).Google Scholar
2. Kenney, G. B. and Bowen, H. K., “High Tech Ceramics in Japan: Current and Future Markets,” Bull. Am. Ceram. Soc., 62, 590–596 (1983).Google Scholar
3. Bowen, H. K., Unpublished data.Google Scholar
4. Barringer, E. et al. , “Processing Monosized Powders,” Chap. 26 in Ultrastructure Processing of Ceramics, Glasses and Composites, Hench, L. and Ulrich, D., eds. (John Wiley and Sons, Inc, NY 1984).Google Scholar
5. Rice, R. W., “Microstructure Dependence of Mechanical Behavior of Ceramics,” in Treatise on Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 11, MacCrone, R. K., ed. (Academic Press, NY 1977), pp. 199–381.Google Scholar
6. Evans, A. G., “Structural Reliability: A Processing-Dependent Phenomenon,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 65, 127–137 (1982).Google Scholar
7. Lange, F. F. et al. , “Processing Related Fracture Origins: I, II and III,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 65, 396–408 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Engel, U. and Huebner, H., “Strength Improvement of Cemented Carbides by Hot Isostatic Pressing,” J. Mat. Sci., 13, 2003–2212 (1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Yoshimura, M. and Bowen, H. K., “Electrical Breakdown Strength of Alumina at High Temperature,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 64, 404–410 (1981).Google Scholar
10. Yanagida, H., Private communication, Univ. of Tokyo, Japan.Google Scholar
11. Okazaki, K., Private Communication, National Defense Acad., Yokosuka, Japan.Google Scholar
12. Some Representative papers are:Google Scholar
a. Rhodes, W. H., “Controlled Transient Solid Second Phase Sintering of Yttria,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 64, 13–19 (1981).Google Scholar
b. Yan, M. F. et al. , “Effect of Grain Size Distribution on Sintered Density,” Mat. Sci. Eng., 60, 1275–1281 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
c. Brook, R. J., “Pore-Grain Boundary Interactions and Grain Growth,” J. Am. Cerm. Soc., 52, 56–57 (1969).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
d. Readey, D. W. et al. , “Coarsening Effects during the Sintering of Ceramics,” in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Sintering, (Notre Dame, 1983).Google Scholar
e. Greskovich, C. and Rosolovski, J. H., “Sintering of Covalent Solids,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 59, 336–343 (1976).Google Scholar
f. Johnson, D. L. and Cutler, I. B., “Diffusion Sintering, I and II,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 46, 541–550 (1963).Google Scholar
g. Prochazka, S., “Sintering of SiC,” in Ceramics for High Performance Applications, Burke, J. J. et al. , eds. (Brook Hill Publ. Co., Chestnut Hill, MA 1974) pp. 239–252.Google Scholar
h. Cannon, R. M. and Coble, R. L., “Current Paradigms in Powder Processing,” in Processing of Crystalline Ceramics, Palmour, H. et al. , eds. (Plenum Press, NY 1978) pp. 151–170.Google Scholar
13. Johnson, D. W. Jr., “Nonconventional Powder Preparation Techniques,” Bull. Am. Ceram. Soc., 60, 221 113,243 (1981).Google Scholar
14. Mazdiyasni, K. S. et al. , “Preparation of Ultra-High-Purity Submicron Refractory Oxides,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 48, 372–375 (1965).Google Scholar
15. Majijevic, E., “Preparation and Characterization of Monodispersed Metal Hydrous Oxide Sols,” Prog. Colloid and Polymer Sci., 61, 24–35 (1976).Google Scholar
16. Morgan, P. E. D., “Chemical Processing for Ceramics (and Polymers),” in Processing of Crystalline Ceramics, Vol. 11, Palmour, III, H. et al. , eds. (Plenum Press, NY 1977) pp. 67–77.Google Scholar
17. Yoldas, B. E., “Effects of Variations in Polymerized Oxides on Sintering and Crystalline Transformations,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 65, 387–393 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Barringer, E. A. and Bowen, H. K., “Formation, Packing, and Sintering of Monodisperse TiO2 Powder,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 65, C199–C201 (1982).Google Scholar
19. Barringer, E. A., Brook, R., and Bowen, H. K., “The-Sintering of Monodisperse TiO2,” 6th Int. Conf. Sintering and Related Phenomena Including Heterogeneous Catalysts, Kycynski, G. et al. , eds. (In Press 1984).Google Scholar
20. Barringer, E. A. and Bowen, H. K., “Effects of Particle Packing on the Sintered Microstructure,” in Physics of Sintering (International Institute for the Science of Sintering, Belgrade, Yugoslavia 1983).Google Scholar
21. Gattuso, T. R. and Kent Bowen, H., “Processing of Narrow Size Distribution Alumina,” in Advances in Ceramics: Structure Property Relationships in MgO and Al2O3 Ceramics, Kingery, W. D., ed., (The American Ceramic Society, Columbus, OH 1984).Google Scholar