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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 February 2011
Cement paste of water:cement ratios less than about 0.3 usually are not workable, but workability can be maintained at these lower water:cement ratios by using superplasticizers. A typical explanation [1] of the mechanism behind the effectiveness of superplasticizers is that they adsorb on the surface of cement particles and adjust the surface charge so that the particles become deflocculated. The individual particles flow more easily than larger flocs.