Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T20:07:20.875Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Variability and Trends in Iowa Fly Ashes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 February 2011

Scott Schlorholtz ,
Ken Bergeson  and
Turgut Demirel
Scott Schlorholtz
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
Ken Bergeson
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
Turgut Demirel
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
Get access

Abstract

An investigation has been made of the variability of physical and chemical properties of high-calcium (Class C) fly ashes from four Iowa power plants. The investigation summarizes results obtained from three years (1983 through 1985) of monitoring of the various power plants. All four of the power plants burn low-sulfur, sub-bituminous coal from Wyoming. Fly ash samples were obtained from the power plants in accordance to the procedures described in ASTM C 311. Laboratory testing methods were similar to those specified by ASTM C 311. During the three year period, 102 samples were subjected to chemical and physical analysis while an additional 349 samples were subjected to physical analysis only. In general, the four power plants produce fly ashes of similar mineralogy and chemical composition. The observed time variation of the chemical composition of fly ash from a single power plant was quite small. The sulfur content consistently showed the largest coefficient of variation of the 10 elements studied. Physical characteristics of the fly ashes (as measured by ASTM tests) were also fairly uniform over long periods of time, when considered on an individual power plant basis. Fineness, when measured by wet washing using a 325 mesh sieve, consistently exhibited the largest coefficient of variation of any of the physical properties studied.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 86: Symposium N – Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products III , 1986 , 325
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Price, W.H., J. of ACI, 72, pp. 225–232 (1975).Google Scholar
2. Roy, W.R., Thiery, R.G., Schuller, R.M. and Suloway, J.J., Coal Fly Ash: A Review of the Literature and Proposed Classification System with Emphasis on Environmental Impacts, Illinois State Geol. Survey, ENG 96, Champaign, IL 61820 (1981).Google Scholar
3. Diamond, S., in Effects of Fly Ash Incorporation in Cement and Concrete, edited by Diamond, S., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. N. (Materials Research Society, University Park, 1981) pp. 12–23.Google Scholar
4. Roy, D.M., Luke, K. and Diamond, S., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilization and Disposal I, edited by McCarthy, G.J. and Lauf, R.J., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol.43, (Materials Research Society, Pittsburg, 1985) pp. 3–20.Google Scholar
5. Diamond, S., Cem. Conc. Res. 14, pp. 455–462 (1984).Google Scholar
6. McCarthy, G.J., Cem. Conc. Res. 14, pp. 471–478 (1984).Google Scholar
7. Mings, M.L., Schlorholtz, S., Pitt, J.M. and Demirel, T., Transportation Research Record, 941, pp. 5–11 (1983).Google Scholar
8. Kanare, H., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilization and Disposal II, edited by McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P. and Roy, D.M., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol.65, (Materials Research Society, Pittsburg, 1986) pp. 159–160.Google Scholar
9. American Society for Testing and Materials, 1985 Book of ASTM Standards, Vol.4.02 (ASTM, Philadelphia, 1985).Google Scholar
10. (a) Davis, R.E., Carlson, R.W., Kelley, J.W. and Davis, H.E., J of ACI, 33, pp. 577–612 (May-June 1937). (b) R.E. Davis, H.E. Davis and J.W. Kelley, J. of ACI 37, pp. 281–293 (Jan. 1941).Google Scholar
11. (a) Minnick, L.J., Proc of ASTM, ASTEA, 54, pp. 1129–1158 (1954).Google Scholar
(b) Minnick, L.J., Webster, W.C. and Purdy, E.J. Jr., J. of Mat., JMLSA, 6 (1), pp. 163–187 (1971).Google Scholar
12. Watt, J.D. and Thorne, D.J., J. of App. Chem. 15 (12), pp. 585–594 (1965); 15 (12), pp. 594–604 (1965); 16(2), pp. 33–39 (1966).Google Scholar
13. Brink, R.H. and Halstead, W.J., Proc. of ASTM, ASTEA, 56, pp. 1161–1206 (1956).Google Scholar
14. Gebler, S.H. and Klieger, P., Effect of Fly Ash on Some of the Physical Properties of Concrete, Portland Cement Association Research and Development Bulletin RD089.01T, Skokie, IL (1986); S.H. Gebler and P. Klieger, Effect of Fly Ash on the Durability of Air-Entrained Concrete, Portland Cement Association Research and Development Bulletin RDO90.01T, Skokie, IL (1986).Google Scholar
15. Joshi, R.C. and Malhotra, V.M., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products. Characterization, Utilization and Disposal II, Mat. Res. Soc. Syrp. Proc., Vol.65, edited by McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P. and Roy, D.M. (Materials Research Society, Pittsburg, 1986) pp. 167–170.Google Scholar
16. Mehta, P.K., Testing and Correlation of Fly Ash Properties with Respect to Pozzolanic Behavior, EPRI CS-3314, Final Report, prepared for Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA (1984).Google Scholar
17. Pitt, J.M., Schlorholtz, S., Allenstein, R.J., Hammerberg, R.J. and Demirel, T., Characterization of Fly Ash for use in Concrete, Final Report for IOWA DOT Project HR-225, Engineering Research Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (1983).Google Scholar
18. Schlorholtz, S., Pitt, J.M. and Demirel, T., Cem. Conc. Res., 14, pp. 499–504 (1984).Google Scholar
19. Butler, W.B., Cem., Conc. and Agg., CCAGDP, 4(2), pp. 68–79 (1982).Google Scholar
20. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Interim Specifications and Methods of Sampling and Testing Adopted by the AASHTO Subcommittee on Materials, (AASHTO, Washington, D.C., 1984).Google Scholar
21. Schlorholtz, S. and Boybay, M., in Advances in X-ray Analysis, 27, edited by Cohen, , Russ, , Leyden, , Barrett, and Predecki, (Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, 1984) pp. 497–504.Google Scholar
22. Schlorholtz, S. and Demirel, T., submitted for publication in Advances in X-ray Analysis, 30.Google Scholar
23. American Society for Testing and Materials, 1985 Book of ASTM Standards, Vol.4.01 (ASTM, Philadelphia, 1985).Google Scholar
24. Kirschenbaum, H., The Classical Analysis of Silicate Rocks – The Old and The New, USGS Bulletin 1547, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1983.Google Scholar
25. American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis STP 15D (ASTM, Philadelphia, 1976).Google Scholar
26. Lee, C., Schlorholtz, S. and Demirel, T., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilization and Disposal II, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp., Vol.65, edited by McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P. and Roy, D.M. (Materials Research Society, Pittsburg, 1986) pp. 125–130.Google Scholar