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Universal Aspects of Brittle Fracture, Adhesion, and Atomic Force Microscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2011

Amitava Banerjea ,
John R. Smith  and
John Ferrante
Amitava Banerjea
Affiliation:
NASA Lewis Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135
John R. Smith
Affiliation:
Physics Department, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, Michigan, 48090-9055
John Ferrante
Affiliation:
NASA Lewis Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135
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Abstract

The universal relation between binding energy and interatomic separation was originally discovered for adhesion at bimetallic interfaces involving the simple metals Al, Zn, Mg, and Na. We show here that the same universal relation extends to adhesion at transition metal interfaces. Adhesive energies have been computed for the low index interfaces of Al, Ni, Cu, Ag, Fe, and W using the Equivalent Crystal Theory (ECT) and keeping the atoms in each semi-infinite slab fixed rigidly in their equilibrium positions. These adhesive energy curves can be scaled onto each other and onto the universal adhesion curve. We have also investigated the effect of tip shape on the adhesive forces in the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) by computing energies and forces using the ECT. While the details of the energy-distance and force-distance curves are sensitive to tip shape, all of these curves can be scaled onto the universal adhesion curve. This means that although absolute magnitudes of adhesive forces in the AFM cannot be determined without knowing the geometry of the tip, the shape of the force-distance curve is universal, at least for distances changing normal to the substrate.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 140: Symposium S – New Materials Approaches to Tribology: Theory and Applications , 1988 , 89
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1989

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References

[1] For a discussion of scientific and technological issues involving tribology see, for example, John Ferrante and Stephen Pepper, V., Materials Research Society Symposium on New Materials Approaches to Tribology: Theory and Applications, Boston, MA, Nov. 29 - Dec. 2, 1988; paper S2.1 this meeting.Google Scholar
[2] For a review of scientific and technological issues involving adhesion see Panel Report on Interfacial Bonding and Adhesion, Mat. Sci. and Engineering 83, 169 (1986); John Ferrante, Guillermo H. Bozzolo, Clarence W. Finley, and Amitava Banerjea, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 119, 3 (1988).Google Scholar
[3] For a review of issues related to fracture see Chemistry and Physics of Fracture, Jones, R. H. and Latanision, R. M. eds., Nijhoff, Boston (1987); see especially John R. Smith, John Ferrante, Pascal Vinet, J. G. Gay, Roy Richter, and James H. Rose, ibid., p. 329.Google Scholar
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