Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T21:05:38.637Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Structural Characterization of Carbon Materials Prepared at Low Temperature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2011

Xiang-Yun Song ,
Xi Chu  and
Kimio Kinoshita
Xiang-Yun Song
Affiliation:
Energy and Environment Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
Xi Chu
Affiliation:
Energy and Environment Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
Kimio Kinoshita
Affiliation:
Energy and Environment Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
Get access

Abstract

High-capacity carbon electrodes for rechageable lithium-ion batteries were prepared by carbonization of thermosetting resins such as phenol-formaldehyde at temperatures between 500°C and 600°C. Their structures were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy, in-situ transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. These studies suggest that the carbons consist predominantly of disorganized (amorphous) phase. However evidence was found in carbon containing nickel cobalt oxide for the presence of organized graphite-like regions of parallel and curved layer planes. These graphitized structure usually appear as agglomerate particles which are composed of many smaller (100-nm diameter) particles. The high degree of graphitization is attributed to catalytic graphitization that occurs in the presence of the metal oxide.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 393: Symposium W – Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion , 1995 , 321
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1 Dahn, J.R., Sleigh, A.K., Hang, Shi, Way, B.M., Weydanz, W.J., Reimers, J.N., Zhong, Q. and von Sacken, U., “Lithium Batteries”, Industrial Chemistry Library, Vol. 5, Edited by Pistoia, G., New York (1994) P. 1.Google Scholar
2 Murphy, D.W., Mat Res. Bull., 13 (1978) 1395.Google Scholar
3 Mizushima, K., Jone, D.C., Mat Res. Bull., 15 (1980) 783.Google Scholar
4 Tran, T.D., Feiker, J.H., Mayer, S.T., Song, X.Y., and Kinoshita, K., Presented at Miami Electrochemical Society Meeting, Oct. 9-14, 1994.Google Scholar
5 Way, B., and Dahn, J.R., J. Electrochem. Soc., 141, (1994) 907.Google Scholar
6 Chu, X., Schmidt, L.D., and Smyrl, W.H., Proceedings of Electrochemical Society Fall Meeting, (1994) Miami, Florida.Google Scholar
7 Takahiro, Kasuh, Noboru, Akuzawa, Carbon, 32, (1994) 193.Google Scholar
8 Banerjee, B.C., Hirt, T.J., and Walker, P.L., Nature, 192, (1961) 450.Google Scholar
9 Audier, M., Oberlin, A., Oberlin, M., Coulon, M. and Bonntain, L., Carbon, 19, (1981) 217.Google Scholar
10 Peter, E.Nolan, , Michael, J.Schabel, , David, C.Lynch, Andrew Hall Cutler, Carbon, 33, (1995) 79.Google Scholar
11 Song, X.Y., Cao, W., and Hunt, A.J., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 349, (1994) 269.Google Scholar
12 Song, X.Y., Cao, W., Ayers, M.R., and Hunt, A.J., J. Mater. Res., 10, (1995) 251 Google Scholar
13 Fitzer, E. and Kegel, B., Carbon, 6, (1968) 433.Google Scholar