Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T17:39:52.930Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Simple and Low Cost Patterning Process for Sputtered Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Thin Films and Electrodes for Membrane-Based Microsystems Applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 March 2011

Cyril Millon ,
Christophe Malhaire ,
Emmanuel Defaÿ  and
Daniel Barbier
Cyril Millon
Affiliation:
LPM 20 av. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, [email protected]
Christophe Malhaire
Affiliation:
INSA LYON, LPM UMR C5511
Emmanuel Defaÿ
Affiliation:
INSA LYON, LPM UMR C5511
Daniel Barbier
Affiliation:
INSA LYON, LPM UMR C5511
Get access

Abstract

Micromachined silicon membranes actuated by a piezoelectric thin film are of great interest for microfluidic or ultrasonic applications. In this paper, we present a simple and low cost patterning process for sputtered Ti and Pt electrodes and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films using lift-off and a wet HCl etching methods respectively. We have showed by finite element analysis the incentive to pattern electrodes in order to get higher actuation performances. Moreover, in order to reduce the stress on the diaphragm, the PZT film has been also patterned. We propose an optimized flow chart taking into account the different material properties in the multi-layer stack constituting the actuator and the need of a PZT crystallization annealing. To show the influence of the actuator layout, finite element models of a 20μm thick, 3 × 3 mm2 silicon membrane with variable electrode design, actuated by a 1μm PZT (10 V bias) thin film have been developed. We found a maximum deflection for a 1.7 mm side length square electrode located at the membrane center. Sputtering was achieved on a non-heated silicon substrate, in pure Argon, using a stoichiometric PZT target. The metallic electrodes have been structured by standard lift- off technique. Different concentrations of HCl [4 % - 35 %] with temperature up to 90°C have been tested for PZT patterning. Well defined PZT microstructures were better achieved by wet etching of unannealed PZT film on SiO2 or Pt (HCl 35%, room temperature). The etching rate was 40 nm.s−1. The presence of the perovskyte phase in the PZT films after a 700°C, 30 s RTA in air, has been checked by X-ray measurements. Finally, the silicon membranes have been realized by anisotropic chemical etching in an aqueous KOH (40 %, 60°C) solution. Membrane deflection under low bias have been successfully tested.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 657: Symposia EE – Materials Science of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Devices III , 2000 , EE5.29
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Koch, M., Harris, N., Evans, A., White, N. and Brunnschweiler, A., Sensors and Actuators A 70, 98–103 (1998).Google Scholar
2. Defaÿ, E., Semmache, B., Dubois, C., Berre, M. Le and Barbier, D., Sensors and Actuators 74, 77–80 (1999).Google Scholar
3. Nguyen, N. T., Schubert, S., Richter, S. and Dötzel, W., Sensors and Actuators A 69, 85–91 (1998).Google Scholar
4. Haccart, T., Cattan, E. and Rèmiens, D., Eur. Phys. J. AP 11, 103–106 (2000).Google Scholar
5. Madsen, L. D., Weaver, L., Ljungcrantz, H., and Clark, A. J., Journal of electronic materials, Vol. 27, N° 5, 1998 Google Scholar
6. Defaÿ, E., Malhaire, C., Dubois, C. and Barbier, D. in Thin Films Stresses and Mechanical Properties VIII, edited by Vinci, R., Kraft, O., Moody, N., Besser, P., and Shaffer, E. II (Mater. Res. Soc. Proc. 594, 1999).Google Scholar
7. Bitko, G., McNeil, A. C. and Monk, D. J. in Materials for Mechanical and Optical Microsystems, edited by Reed, M. L., Elwenspoek, M., Johansson, S., Obermeier, E., Fujita, H., and Uenishi, Y. (Mater. Res. Soc. Proc. 444, 1997) pp. 221–226.Google Scholar
8. Malhaire, C., Berre, M. Le and Barbier, D., Sensors and Actuators A 74, 174–177 (1999).Google Scholar
9. Lau, W. M., Bello, I., Sayer, M. and Zou, L., Appl. Phys. Lett. 64 (3), 300–302 (1993).Google Scholar
10. Chouaf, A., Malhaire, C., Berre, M. Le, Dupeux, M., Pourroy, F. and Barbier, D., Sensors and Actuators 84, 109–115 (2000).Google Scholar
11. Defaÿ, E., Baboux, N., Malhaire, C., Kleimann, P. and Barbier, D. in Ferroelectric Thin Films VII, edited by Jones, R.E., Schwartz, R.W., Summerfelt, S. and Yoo, I.K. (Mater. Res. Soc. Proc. 541, 1999) pp. 611–616.Google Scholar
12. Mitsui, T. in Landolt-Bornstein : Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology, Vol. 3, ferro and antiferroelectric substances (Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1969) pp.78.Google Scholar
13. Wakabayashi, S., Sakata, M., Goto, H., Takeuchi, M. and Yada, T., Jpn J. Appl. Phys. 35, 5012–5014 (1996).Google Scholar
14. Defaÿ, E., Thése de doctorant, INSA Lyon, 1999, 216p.Google Scholar
15. Sreenivas, K., Reaney, I., Maeder, T., J. Appl. Phys., 75, N 1, P.232–239.Google Scholar