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Role of fractal features in the structure-property relationships of carbon black filled polymers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2011

Françoise Ehrburger-Dolle ,
Manuela Hindermann-Bischoff ,
Erik Geissler ,
Cyrille Rochas ,
Françoise Bley  and
Frédéric Livet
Françoise Ehrburger-Dolle
Affiliation:
Institut de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, CNRS, BP 2488, 68057 Mulhouse cedex, France Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, CNRS UMR 5588-Université J. Fourier de Grenoble, BP 87, 38402 Saint-Martin d'Héres cedex, France
Manuela Hindermann-Bischoff
Affiliation:
Institut de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, CNRS, BP 2488, 68057 Mulhouse cedex, France
Erik Geissler
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, CNRS UMR 5588-Université J. Fourier de Grenoble, BP 87, 38402 Saint-Martin d'Héres cedex, France
Cyrille Rochas
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, CNRS UMR 5588-Université J. Fourier de Grenoble, BP 87, 38402 Saint-Martin d'Héres cedex, France
Françoise Bley
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et Physico-Chimie Métallurgiques, CNRS UMR 4777, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, B.P. 75, 38402 Saint-Martin d'Héres cedex, France.
Frédéric Livet
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et Physico-Chimie Métallurgiques, CNRS UMR 4777, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, B.P. 75, 38402 Saint-Martin d'Héres cedex, France.
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Abstract

Carbon black is widely used as a filler in order to modify the mechanical or the electrical properties of polymers. Such composites display significant non-linear effects. Moreover, examination of the large number of papers devoted to the physical properties of carbon black filled polymers indicates that each composite, even composites apparently consisting of similar matrixes and similar carbon blacks, may behave differently when prepared by different mixing methods. The present work aims to show that these particular behaviors can be related to the fact that carbon blacks used for composites are mass fractals of low dimensionality (Df ˂2) that are able to interpenetrate each other to an extent that depends on the filler-matrix surface interaction and on the volume fraction of filler.

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a convenient method for studying disordered systems at length scales ranging between a few tenths and a few hundred nm. SAXS is therefore particularly advantageous for exploring the morphology of carbon black aggregates and their degree of interpenetration when dispersed in a matrix. Furthermore, the use of an area detector yields two-dimensional images and hence information about anisotropy of the arrangement of scatterers. It is shown that this arrangement profoundly influences the physical properties of the composites.

Analysis of SAXS curves obtained for a rubber grade carbon black (N330) and for composites prepared by dispersing it into polyethylene or EPR will be presented. As an example, the temperature and frequency dependence of the electrical conductivity will be discussed and compared to theoretical models. Finally, the mutual consistency of the electrical and mechanical behavior, theoretical models and information deduced from the scattering curves will be shown.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 661: Symposium KK – Filled & Nanocomposite Polymer Materials , 2000 , KK7.4
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2001

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