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Replications of Critical Technological Processes and the Use of Replicates as Characterization Standards: An Experiment in Undergraduate Education

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Pamela B. Vandiver ,
Heather Raftery ,
Stephanie Ratcliffe ,
Brian T. Moskalik ,
Michelle Andaloro ,
Katelyn Sandler  and
Alicia Retamoza
Pamela B. Vandiver
Affiliation:
[email protected], University of Arizona, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering,, Program in Heritage Conservation Science, and Department of Anthropology, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States, 520-400-2270, 520-621-8059
Heather Raftery
Affiliation:
[email protected], University of Arizona, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Program in Heritage Conservation Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
Stephanie Ratcliffe
Affiliation:
[email protected], University of Arizona, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Program in Heritage Conservation Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
Brian T. Moskalik
Affiliation:
[email protected], University of Arizona, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Program in Heritage Conservation Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
Michelle Andaloro
Affiliation:
[email protected], University of Arizona, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Program in Heritage Conservation Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
Katelyn Sandler
Affiliation:
[email protected], University of Arizona, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Program in Heritage Conservation Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
Alicia Retamoza
Affiliation:
[email protected], University of Arizona, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Program in Heritage Conservation Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
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Abstract

The technology of artifacts is analyzed and reconstructed by comparison with known craft practices, the physical and chemical constraints imposed by the raw materials, and the sequence and steps for processing those materials to achieve certain optical and mechanical properties. Understanding of craft knowledge is best pursued by practice, coupled with technical analysis. Six case studies of hands-on, undergraduate student laboratory projects are presented. The studies include testing parameters for the making of stenciled hand images similar to those at caves such as Gargas from the Upper Paleolithic period in France, the variation in processing required to produce Egyptian blue pigments and objects, controlling composition to form either green or turquoise-blue colors in Islamic lead-containing glazes, optimizing the ratio of various pigments to gum Arabic medium in tomb paintings to evaluate the application and durability, molding East Asian gokok beads in imitation of jade, and making and radiographing a mock-up of a damaged statue on the facade at the San Xavier Mission as a standard for comparison with the original. In each case, various parameters are varied to model the appearance, structure and composition of an object, and the students benefited from the experience of developing research questions and from their involvement in original research projects.

Keywords

archaeologyceramicsintering
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1047: Symposium Y – Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology VIII , 2007 , 1047-Y02-04
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2008

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