Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T02:36:11.897Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Polycapillary X-Ray Optics for Thin Film Strain and Texture Analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2011

F. A. Hofmann ,
W. M. Gibson ,
S. M. Lee ,
C. A. Macdonald ,
J. B. Ullrich  and
N. GAO
F. A. Hofmann
Affiliation:
University at Albany, Center for X-Ray Optics, Albany, NY 12222, [email protected]
W. M. Gibson
Affiliation:
University at Albany, Center for X-Ray Optics, Albany, NY 12222, [email protected]
S. M. Lee
Affiliation:
University at Albany, Center for X-Ray Optics, Albany, NY 12222, [email protected]
C. A. Macdonald
Affiliation:
University at Albany, Center for X-Ray Optics, Albany, NY 12222, [email protected]
J. B. Ullrich
Affiliation:
X-ray Optical Systems Inc., Albany, NY 12205
N. GAO
Affiliation:
X-ray Optical Systems Inc., Albany, NY 12205
Get access

Abstract

Polycapillary optics, shaped arrays consisting of hundreds of thousands of hollow glass capillary tubes, can be used to redirect, collimate, or focus x-ray beams from conventional, laboratory-based sources. Multifiber polycapillary collimating optics were placed without system optimization into a number of diffractometer systems. Strain and texture measurements were performed. Measurements on thin films with and without the lens yielded gains of 8–100. Gains are higher in comparison with systems employing pinhole rather than one-dimensional slit collimation. The collimation also resulted in peak symmetrization, which simplified peak shape analysis.

Focused beam optics provide even larger gains. Gains of 100 have been demonstrated using polycapillary optics with spot sizes as small 20 μm. This is of particular significance for providing spatial resolution for low signal applications such as thin films. The inverse dependence of the critical angle for total external reflection on photon energy also results in suppression of high energy photons. This suppression of Bremsstrahlung can allow use of higher tube potentials to increase characteristic line emission. Background suppression from a polycapillary optic ″soller slit″ is also enhanced due to the two dimensional collimation and much smaller acceptance angle of the polycapillary optics. Polycapillary optic alignment is also faster and more convenient than the usual parafocusing geometry. The combination of background suppression, intensity gain and increased tube emission by employing polycapillary optics greatly increases the signal to noise ratio for thin film stress analysis.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 505 , 1997 , 3
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Jentzch, F., Phys. Z. 30, p. 1268, 1929.Google Scholar
2Hirsch, P. B. and Keller, J. N., Phys. Soc. (London) B64, 1951.Google Scholar
3Arkadiev, V. A., Kolomitsev, A. I., Kumakhov, M. A., Ponorave, I. Yu., Khodeev, I. A., Chertov, Yu.P. and Shakparonov, I. M., Sov. Phys. Usp. 32 (3), p.271, March 1989.Google Scholar
4Jackson, J. D., “Classical Electrodynamics”, 1962 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sect. 7.9, pp 227.Google Scholar
5MacDonald, C.A., ″Applications and Measurements of Polycapillary X-Ray Optics,″ Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology, 6, p.32–47, 1996.Google Scholar
6Rath, B., Youngman, R., MacDonald, C. A., ″An Automated Test System for Measuring Polycapillary X-Ray Optics,″ Review of Scientific Instrumentation, 65, p.3393–3398, Nov. 1994.Google Scholar
7Ullrich, J. B, Kovantsev, V., MacDonald, C.A., ″Measurements of Polycapillary X-Ray Optics,″ Jour. Appl. Phys., 74 (10), Nov. 15, 1993, pp. 5933–5939.Google Scholar
8Abreu, C. C. and MacDonald, C. A., “Beam Collimation, Focusing, Filtering and Imaging with Polycapillary X-Ray and Neutron Optics,” article, in press, Physica Medica.Google Scholar
9Abreu, C. C., Kruger, D. G., MacDonald, C. A., Mistretta, C. A., Peppler, W. W., Xiao, Q. F., ″Measurements of Capillary X-Ray Optics with Potential for Use in Mammographic Imaging,″ Med. Phy. 22 (11), Pt. 1, p. 1793–1801, November 1995.Google Scholar
10Kruger, D. G., Abreu, C. C., Hendee, E. G., Kocharian, A., Peppler, W. W., Mistretta, C. A., MacDonald, C. A., “Imaging Characteristics of X-Ray Capillary Optics in Mammography,” Medical Physics 23 (2), February, p. 187–196, 1996.Google Scholar
11Russell, C. H., Gibson, W. M., Gubarev, M. V., Hofmann, F. A., Joy, M. K., MacDonald, C. A., Wang, Lei, Xiao, Qi-Fan, Youngman, R., “Collector for 10–100 keV X-Rays based on polycapillary optics” in R. B. Hoover and A. B. C. Walker II, eds., in Grazing Incidence and Multilayer X-ray Optical Systems, SPIE vol. 3113, p. 369–377, 7/97.Google Scholar
12Owens, S. M., Ullrich, J. B., Ponomarev, I.Yu., Carter, D. C., Sisk, R. C., Ho, J. X. and Gibson, W. M., “Polycapillary X-Ray Optics for Macromolecular Crystallography,” SPIE vol.2859, p.200–209, 1996.Google Scholar
13Kardiawarman, , York, B. R., Qian, C., Xiao, Q. F., Gibson, W. M., and MacDonald, C. A., “Application of a Multifiber Collimating Lens to Thin Film Structure Analysis,” in Hoover, R. B. and Williams, M. B., X-Ray and Ultraviolet Sensors and Applications, SPIE vol. 2519, July 1995.Google Scholar
14Goodstein, D. L., States of Matter, Prentice-Hall, 1975.Google Scholar
15Kennedy, R., Xiao, Q-F., Ryan, T. and York, B. R.: European Powder Diffraction Conference (EPDIC) 1997.Google Scholar
16York, B. R. and Xiao, Qi-Fan, Denver X-Ray Conf., Aug 4–8, 1997, Steamboat Springs, CO.Google Scholar
17Matney, K. M., Wormington, M., Bowen, D. K. and Xiao, Q.-F., Denver X-Ray Conf., Aug. 4–8, 1997, Steamboat Springs, CO.Google Scholar
18Hofmann, F. A., Freinberg-Trufas, C. A., Owens, S. M., Padiyar, S. D., MacDonald, C. A., “Focusing of Synchrotron Radiation with Polycapillary Optics,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B, Dec 1997, p. 145–150.Google Scholar
19Rath, B. K., Aloisi, D. C., Bilderback, D. H., Gao, N., Gibson, W. M., Hofmann, F. A., Homan, B. E., Jezewski, C. J., Klotzko, I. L., Mitchell, J. M., Owens, S. M., Ullrich, J. B., Wang, Lei, Wells, G. M., Xiao, Q. F. and MacDonald, C. A., “Effects of intense x-ray radiation on polycapillary fiber performance,” in R. B. Hoover and M. B.Williams, X-Ray and Ultraviolet Sensors and Applications, SPIE vol.2519, July 1995 p207–217.Google Scholar
20Rath, B. K., Hagelberg, F. B., Homan, B. E. and MacDonald, C. A., “Synchrotron White Beam Thermal Loading on Polycapillary X-ray Optics,” in press, NIM A.Google Scholar
21Rath, B. K., Gibson, W. M., , Lei Wang, Homan, B. E. and MacDonald, C. A., ” submitted, Journal of Applied Physics.Google Scholar
22Ho, J. X., Snell, E. H., Sisk, C. R., Ruble, J. R., Carter, D. C., Owens, S. M. and Gibson, W. M., ” accepted for publication Acta Cryst. D, 1997.Google Scholar