Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T07:48:57.375Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Photoactivity tests of TiO2 and ZnO sunscreen ingredients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2012

Zuzanna. A. Lewicka  and
Vicki. L. Colvin
Zuzanna. A. Lewicka
Affiliation:
Applied Physics Program, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 6100 Main Street MS-60, Rice University, Houston TX 77005, USA
Vicki. L. Colvin*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Rice University, Houston TX 77005, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Phone: 713-348-5741, Fax: 713-348-2578, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are widely used as inorganic sunscreen pigments. However, these metal oxide particles may also be photocatalytic and generate DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species. Therefore, we evaluated the photochemical properties of the whole sunscreen emulsions that contained nanoscale components and the inorganic particles derived from these sunscreens using several assays such as dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, the decolorization of Congo red dye and DMPO spin trap electron paramagnetic resonant spectroscopy. The results of these three tests showed that samples with ZnO nanoscale materials were more photoactive than the samples that contained TiO2 nanoparticles.

Keywords

photochemicalnanostructurenanoscale
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1413: Symposium GG – Safety and Toxicity Control of Nanomaterials , 2012 , mrsf11-1413-gg03-03
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

[1] Datamonitor, “Personal hygiene / personal care United States Industry Guide,” 2009. Available: www.datamonitor.com, Accessed:(27 September 2011).Google Scholar
[2] Lim, H. W. and Cooper, K., “The health impact of solar radiation and prevention strategies: Report of the Environment Council, American Academy of Dermatology,” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, vol. 41, pp. 81–99, 1999.10.1016/S0190-9622(99)70412-3Google Scholar
[3] Draelos, Z. D., “The Multifunctional Value of Sunscreen-containing Cosmetics,” Skin Therapy Letter, vol. 1, 6, 2011.Google Scholar
[4] Popov, A. P., Priezzhev, A. V., Lademann, J., and Myllya, R., “The effect of nanometer particles of titanium oxide on the protective properties of skin in the UV region,” J Opt Technol, vol. 73, pp. 208–211, 2005.10.1364/JOT.73.000208Google Scholar
[5] FOE, “Nanomaterials, Sunscreens, and Cosmetics: Small Ingredients Big Risks “, 2006. Available: www.foeeurope.org, Accessed:(16 February 2010).Google Scholar
[6] TGA, “A review of the scientific literature on the safety of nanoparticulate titanium dioxide or zinc oxide in sunscreens,” Australian Governemt, Therapeutic Goods Administration 2009. Available: www.tga.gov.au, Accessed:(16 February 2010).Google Scholar
[7] ConsumerReports, “Nanotechnology: Our first test,” 2007. Available: www.consumerreports.org, Accessed:(16 February 2010).Google Scholar
[8] Gurr, J. R., Wang, A. S. S., Chenb, C. H., and Jan, K. Y., “Ultrafine titanium dioxide particles in the absence of photoactivation can induce oxidative damage to human bronchial epithelial cells,” Toxicology, vol. 213, pp. 66–73, 2005.10.1016/j.tox.2005.05.007Google Scholar
[9] Sayes, C. M., Wahi, R., Kurian, P. A., Liu, Y., West, J. L., Ausman, K. D., Warheit, D. B., and Colvin, V. L., “Correlating Nanoscale Titania Structure with Toxicity: A Cytotoxicity and Inflammatory Response Study with Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Human Lung Epithelial Cells,” Toxicological Sciences, vol. 92, pp. 174–185, 2006.10.1093/toxsci/kfj197Google Scholar
[10] Wang, J. J., Sanderson, B. J. S., and Wang, H., “Cyto- and genotoxicity of ultrafine TiO2 particles in cultured human lymphoblastoid cells,” Mutation Research, vol. 628, pp. 99–106, 2007.10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.12.003Google Scholar
[11] Brezova, V., Gabcova, S., Dvoranova, D., and Stasko, A., “Reactive oxygen species produced upon photoexcitation of sunscreens containing titanium dioxide (an EPR study),” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B-Biology, vol. 79, pp. 121–134, 2005.10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2004.12.006Google Scholar
[12] Buchalska, M., Kras, G., Oszajca, M., Lasocha, W., and Macyk, W., “Singlet oxygen generation in the presence of titanium dioxide materials used as sunscreens in suntan lotions,” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology a-Chemistry, vol. 213, pp. 158–163, 2010.10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.05.019Google Scholar
[13] Dunford, R., Salinaro, A., Cai, L., Serpone, N., Horikohi, S., Hidaka, H., and Knowland, J., “Chemical oxidation and DNA damage catalysed by inorganic sunscreen ingredients.,” FEBS Letters, vol. 418, pp. 87–90, 1997.10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01356-2Google Scholar
[14] Hidaka, H., Kobaysahi, H., Koike, T., Sato, T., and Serpone, N., “DNA Damage Photoinduced by Cosmetic Pigments and Sunscreen Agents under Solar Exposure and Artifical UV Illumination.,” J. Oleo Sci, vol. 55, pp. 205–1212, 2006.10.5650/jos.55.249Google Scholar
[15] Rampaul, A., Parkin, I. P., and Cramer, L. P., “Damaging and protective properties of inorganic components of sunscreens applied to cultured human skin cells,” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology a-Chemistry, vol. 191, pp. 138–148, 2007.10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.04.014Google Scholar
[16] Lewicka, Z. A., Benedetto, A. F., Benoit, D. N., Yu, W. W., Fortner, J. D., and Colvin, V. L., “The Structure, Composition and Dimensions of TiO2 and ZnO Nanomaterials in Commercial Sunscreens,” Journal of Nanoparticle Research, vol. 13, pp. 3607–3617 2011.10.1007/s11051-011-0438-4Google Scholar
[17] Lu, S. L., Duffin, R., Poland, C., Daly, P., Murphy, F., Drost, E., MacNee, W., Stone, V., and Donaldson, K., “Efficacy of Simple Short-Term in Vitro Assays for Predicting the Potential of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles to Cause Pulmonary Inflammation,” Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 117, pp. 241–247, 2009.10.1289/ehp.11811Google Scholar
[18] Wahi, R. K., Yu, W. W., Liu, Y., Mejia, M. L., Falkner, J. C., Nolte, W., and Colvin, V. L., “Photodegradation of Congo Red catalyzed by nanosized TiO2,” Journal of Molecular Catalysis A, vol. 242, pp. 48–56, 2005.10.1016/j.molcata.2005.07.034Google Scholar