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One Pot Synthesis of Multifunctional Aramid Aerogels

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2012

Chakkaravarthy Chidambareswarapattar ,
Dhairyashil P. Mohite ,
Zachary J. Larimore ,
Hongbing Lu ,
Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis  and
Nicholas Leventis
Chakkaravarthy Chidambareswarapattar
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, U.S.A. ([email protected], [email protected])
Dhairyashil P. Mohite
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, U.S.A. ([email protected], [email protected])
Zachary J. Larimore
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, U.S.A.
Hongbing Lu
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, U.S.A.
Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, U.S.A. ([email protected], [email protected])
Nicholas Leventis
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, U.S.A. ([email protected], [email protected])
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Abstract

Aerogels are quasi-stable, low-density, three-dimensional assemblies of nanoparticles, but they are commonly associated with poor mechanical properties. The most successful efforts to improve their mechanical properties involve cross-linking of the skeletal nanoparticles with polymers. However, post gelation cross-linking is time-consuming. Hence, it is reasonable to seek robust all-polymer aerogels among polymers known for their high mechanical strength. As a result, here we report the facile one-pot synthesis of a new class of Kevlar-like aerogels based on the rather underutilized reaction of multifunctional isocyanates and carboxylic acids. The resulting materials are up to 84% v/v porous with surface areas as high as 380 m2 g-1. The ultimate compressive strength per unit density is within 10% equal to that of Kevlar 49. The high specific energy absorption (37 J g-1) and Styrofoam-like thermal conductivity (0.028 W m-1 K-1) combined with thermal stability up to 350 °C render aramid aerogels multifunctional materials suitable for defense, civil and transportation related applications. Upon pyrolysis at 800 °C they can be converted to 80% (v/v) porous, electrically conducting carbons with surface areas as high as 474 m2 g-1.

Keywords

aerogelinsulatornanostructure
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1403: Symposium V – Multifunctional Polymer-Based Materials , 2012 , mrsf11-1403-v17-36
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2012

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