Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T15:28:40.307Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nondestructive Detection of Material Degradation Caused by Creep and Hydrogen Attack

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2011

A. S. Birring
A. S. Birring*
Affiliation:
Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, Texas
Get access

Abstract

Hydrogen attack and creep damage may reduce the fracture toughness as well as the strength of steels. This reduction is caused partially by the presence of cavities and microcracks at the grain boundaries. A large reduction in fracture toughness can make some components unsafe for operation. Ultrasonic tests performed on damaged samples showed a decrease in wave velocity and an increase in backscatter. The longitudinal-wave velocity decreased more than shear-wave velocity. Where the fracture toughness was reduced by 43 percent, samples with hydrogen attack showed a tenfold increase in backscatter. Such results demonstrate the potential for ultrasonic nondestructive testing to quantify damage and assess the component's remaining life.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 142: Symposium U – Nondestructive Monitoring of Materials Properties , 1988 , 119
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Cooke, B. J., Buscerni, C. D., Clien, L. J., and Erwin, W. E., Hydrogen Attack on Cr-Mo Reactor Steels, presented at the Mid-Year Meeting of the API Division of Refining, Houston, Texas, May 1988.Google Scholar
2. Dooley, R. B. and Westwood, H. J., in Analysis and Prevention of Boiler Tube Failures (Canadian Electrical Association, Montreal, Canada, Research Report 83/237 G-31, November 1983).Google Scholar
3. Gooch, D. J. and Townsend, R. D., in CEGB Remanent Life Assessment Procedures [Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Life Extension Conf., CS-5208, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA, 1987].Google Scholar
4. Viswanathan, R. and Dooley, R. B., Creep Life Assessment Techniques for Fossil Power Plant Boiler Pressure Parts (International Conf. on Creep, Proc., Tokyo, Japan, 1986), p. 349.Google Scholar
5. API, API Standard 941: Steel for Hydrogen Service at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures in Petroleum Refineries and Petrochemical Plants (API, Washington, D.C., June 1977) (Rev. 1983, 3rd Ed.).Google Scholar
6. Watanabe, T., Hasegawa, T., and Kato, K., in Ultrasonic Velocity Ratio Method for Detecting and Evaluating Hydrogen Attack in Steels (Corr. Monitoring in Ind. Plants Using NDT and Electrochem. Methods Proc., ASTM STP 908, (ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, 1986), pp. 153–164.Google Scholar
7. Birring, A. S., Alcazar, D. C., Hanley, J. J., Lamping, G. A., and Gehl, S. M., in Ultrasonic Methods for Detection of Service-Induced Damage in Fossil Plant Components, Life Extension and Assessment: Nuclear and Fossil Power-Plant Components, ed. Jaske, C. E. (ASME, PVP, Vol.138, NDE, Vol.4, June 1988), p. 71–76.Google Scholar
8. Senior, P. and Szilad, J., Ultrasonic Detection of Hydrogen in Pipe Line Steels, Ultrasonics, 42–44 (January 1984).Google Scholar
9. Loper, M. H., Shoemaker, R. D., and Strump, J. A., in Mitigating Forced Outases by Selective Replacement of Boiler Tubes (EPRI Conf. on Failures and Inspection of Fossil Fired Boiler Tubes, Proc., EPRI CS-3272, Palo Alto, CA, April 1983), pp. 6–35 to 6–52.Google Scholar
10. Latimer, P. J., Stevens, D. M., and Sherlock, T. P., in Hydrogen Damage Detection in Fossil Boiler Tubes (EPRI Conf. on Life Extension and Assessment of Fossil Plants, Proc., EPRI CS-5208, Palo Alto, CA, July 1986), pp. 1061–1076.Google Scholar
11. Yajima, M., Shozen, D., and Ohe, T., Detection of High-Temperature Hydrozen Attack in Steels by Ultrasonic Testing (49th API Midyear Mtg., Proc. 63, API, Washington, D. C., May 1984), pp. 44–54.Google Scholar
12. Neubauer, B. and Wendel, V., Rest Life Estimation of Creeping Components by Means of Replicas (ASME Inter. Conf. on Advance in Life Prediction Methods, Proc., April 1983).Google Scholar
13. Shammas, M. S., Predicting the Remanent Life of lCrl/2Mo Coarse-Grained Heat Affected Zone Material by Quantitative Cavitation Measurements (Central Electricity Generating Bd., Leatherhead, Surrey, Eng., Rep. No. TPRD/L/3199/R87, EPRI RP2253-l, Nov. 1987).Google Scholar
14. Akiyama, K., Shiota, T., Maeyama, T., Shimojo, S., and Goto, T., Non-Destructive Evaluation of Creep Damage for Cr-Mo-V Rotor (Joint ASME/IEEE Power Conf. Proc., Paper 87-JPGC-PWR-30, Miami, FL, October 1987).Google Scholar
15. Goto, T., Study on Residual Creep Life Estimation Using Non-Destructive Material Properties Tests (2nd Inter. Conf. on Creep and Fracture of Eng. Mat. and Structures, Proc., Pineridge Press, 1984), 1355.Google Scholar
16. Kimura, K., Fujiyama, K., and Maramatsu, M., in Creep and Fatigue Life Prediction Based on the Nondestructive Assessment of Material Degradation for Steam Turbine Rotors, High Temperature Creep Fatigue (Elsevier Aplied Science, London 1987), pp. 247–270.Google Scholar
17. Sakurai, S., Miyata, H., lijima, K., Sukekawa, H., and Kaneko, R., A Life Assessment Method Based on Micro-damage Mechanisms for High Temperature Components (Conf. on Life Extension, Proc., Paper No. 2.4.2, The Hague, The Netherlands, June 1988).Google Scholar
18. Goto, T., Kadoya, Y., Takigawa, T., and Kawamoto, K., An NDE System for the Detection of Early Damage in High Temperature Rotors (Inter. Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Mater., Proc., Montreal, Plenum Publishing Corp., NY, 1986).Google Scholar
19. Willems, H., Bendick, W., and Weber, H., Nondestructive Eval. of Creep Damage in Service Exposed 14 MoV 63 Steel (Inter. Sym. on Nondestructive Characterization of Mater., Montreal, 1986), pp. 451–460.Google Scholar
20. Birring, A. S., Bartlett, M., and Kawano, K., Ultrasonic Detection of Hydrogen Attack in Steels (pending public, in Corrosion, 1989).Google Scholar
21. Nakashiro, M., Yoneyama, H., and Ohamoton, A., in Assessment for Creep Damage of Boiler Tubes by Newly Researched Ultrasonic Techniques (Inter. Conf. on Advances in Mater. Tech. for Fossil Power Plants, ASM International, Metals Park, OH, 1987).Google Scholar
22. Goebbels, K., in Research Techniques in Nondestructive Testing, IV, edited by Sharpe, R. S. (Academic Press Publishers, 1980), pp. 87–158.Google Scholar