Multiscale plastic deformation in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of a Ni-based single crystal superalloy has been characterized using white microbeam synchrotron diffraction measurements together with OIM imaging, electron and optical microscopy. Characteristic length scales on the macro, meso and nano scale are determined. Dissolution of the γ' – phase particles during heating and secondary precipitation of γ' – phase during cooling is found, as well as formation and multiplication of dislocations. This process is more intense as one approaches the fusion line (FL). In the regions immediately neighboring the FL, γ' - phase particles dissolve completely and reprecipitate from the solid solution in the form of very small (50-70nm) particles. In the immediate vicinity of the FL, the temperature gradient and the rate of it's change reaches maximal values and causes the formation of large amounts of dislocations. Dislocations are concentrated in the ã matrix of the single crystal superalloy. X-ray Laue diffraction (both conventional and microbeam) and electron microscopy show that alternating dislocations slip systems dominate in the HAZ with typical Burgers vector b=[110]. Local lattice rotations in different zones of the weld joint are linking with the microslip events in different zones of the weld.