Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 February 2011
Grain boundary segregation in cerium dioxide doped with varying amounts of gadolinium oxide and tantalum oxide has been measured with x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy using a Vacuum Generators HB603 Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM). The data has been analyzed in the framework of both elastic relaxation and space charge segregation forces with a limited number of surface sites. Results show that multiple driving forces must be taken into account to explain aliovalent solute segregation.