Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T01:08:20.109Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Increasing Polymer Solar Cell Active Layer Efficiency and Organization by Adding Gold-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2013

Rebecca Isseroff ,
Andrew Chen ,
Sneha Chittabathini ,
Alexandra Tse ,
Cheng Pan ,
Benjamin Goldman ,
Hongfei Li ,
Benjamin Akhavan ,
Jonathan Sokolov  and
Miriam Rafailovich
Rebecca Isseroff
Affiliation:
Dept of Materials Science and Engineering, SBU, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275 Lawrence High School, Cedarhurst, NY 11516
Andrew Chen
Affiliation:
Lawrence High School, Cedarhurst, NY 11516
Sneha Chittabathini
Affiliation:
Lawrence High School, Cedarhurst, NY 11516
Alexandra Tse
Affiliation:
Lawrence High School, Cedarhurst, NY 11516
Cheng Pan
Affiliation:
Dept of Materials Science and Engineering, SBU, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275
Benjamin Goldman
Affiliation:
Yeshiva University, NY, NY 10033
Hongfei Li
Affiliation:
Dept of Materials Science and Engineering, SBU, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275
Benjamin Akhavan
Affiliation:
Rambam High School, Lawrence, NY 11559
Jonathan Sokolov
Affiliation:
Dept of Materials Science and Engineering, SBU, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275
Miriam Rafailovich
Affiliation:
Dept of Materials Science and Engineering, SBU, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275
Get access

Abstract

Relatively low efficiency is one of the main obstacles to overcome in the engineering of organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. Reduced graphene oxide (RGO), which has high conductivity, has been proposed to enhance the function of PCBM in the interfacial dissociation of excitons, but incorporating it into the hydrophobic photoactive polymers has proved challenging. Here we describe a novel technique for incorporating Au nanoparticles (AuNp) into the structure of the RGO. The AuNps then interact with the sulfur groups on the photoactive polymer component, while the RGO interacts via π – π stacking with the chemically similar PCBM, thereby anchoring the complex to the polymer interface. Graphene oxide was synthesized and then reduced in the presence of a gold salt. The resulting gold-functionalized RGO (AuRGO) sheets were characterized using TGA, FTIR, and TEM. The AuRGO was not soluble in chlorobenzene; however, in the presence of P3HT, the AuRGO dissolved, suggesting a reaction between the gold and the sulfur of the P3HT via a metal-thiolate bond. At 2 mg/ml, AuRGO increased the solar cell efficiency approximately 50% over the control, but higher concentrations produced large, columnar structures which blocked the electrode from having a uniform contact with the active layer.

Keywords

photovoltaicchemical synthesisnanoscale
Type
Articles
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1500: Symposium O – Next-Generation Polymer-Based Organic Photovoltaics , 2013 , mrsf12-1500-o06-07
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Yang, F., Shtein, M. & Forrest, S. R. Nature Mater. 4, 37–41 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ip, A. H., Thon, S. M., Hoogland, S., Voznyy, O., Zhitomirsky, D., Debnath, R., Levina, L., Rollny, L. R. et al. . Nature Nanotechnology 7: 577–582 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kymakis, E., Alexandrou, I., Amaratunga, G.A.J., Journal of Applied Physics 93 (3): 1764–1768 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tseng, Y. and Darling, S. B., Polymers, 2, 470–489 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J., Jang, C., Xiao, S., Ishigami, M., Fuhrer, M.S., Nature Nanotechnology 3, 206–209 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hakkinen, H., Nature Chemistry 4, 443–455 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sygula, A., Fronczek, F. R., Sygula, R., Rabideau, P. W., Olmstead, M. M., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129, 3842 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, H., He, D., Wang, Y., Vacuum Electron Sources Conference and Nanocarbon (IVESC) 2010 8th International, 475, IEEE, (2010).Google Scholar
Hummers, W. S. Jr., Offeman, R. E., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 80, 1339 (1958).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroon, J. M., Wienk, M. M., Verhees, W. J. H., and Hummelen, J. C., Thin Solid Films 403–404, 223 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lerf, A., He, H., Forster, M., Klinowski, J., J. Phys. Chem. B., 102, 4477 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar