Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T05:37:30.058Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hydrostatically Coupled Dielectric Elastomer Actuators: New Opportunities for Haptics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2011

Federico Carpi ,
Gabriele Frediani  and
Danilo De Rossi
Federico Carpi
Affiliation:
Interdepartmental Research Centre ’E. Piaggio’, University of Pisa, School of Engineering,Via Diotisalvi, 2 - 56100 Pisa, Italy.
Gabriele Frediani
Affiliation:
Interdepartmental Research Centre ’E. Piaggio’, University of Pisa, School of Engineering,Via Diotisalvi, 2 - 56100 Pisa, Italy.
Danilo De Rossi
Affiliation:
Interdepartmental Research Centre ’E. Piaggio’, University of Pisa, School of Engineering,Via Diotisalvi, 2 - 56100 Pisa, Italy.
Get access

Abstract

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have been demonstrated to represent today a high-performance technology for electromechanical transducers based on electroactive polymers. As a means to improve versatility and safety of DEAs for several fields of application, so-called ‘hydrostatically coupled’ DEAs (HC-DEAs) have recently been described. HC-DEAs are based on an incompressible fluid that mechanically couples a DE-based active part to a passive part interfaced to the load, so as to enable hydrostatic transmission. This paper presents ongoing developments of bubble-like HC-DEAs and their promising potential application in the field of haptics. In particular, the first part of the paper describes a static and dynamic characterization of a prototype actuator made of two pre-stretched membranes (20 mm wide, 1.8 mm high, and 60 μm thick) of 3M VHB acrylic elastomer, coupled via silicone grease. The actuator exhibited a maximum stress of 1.3 kPa at 4.4 kV, a relative displacement of -80% at 4.4 kV, a -3dB bandwidth of 3 Hz, and a resonance frequency of 160 Hz. The second part of the paper presents possible applications of the tested actuator configuration for haptic interfaces. Two specific examples are considered. The first deals with a wearable tactile/haptic display used to provide users with tactile feedback during electronic navigation in virtual environments. The display consists of HC-DEAs arranged in contact with finger tips. As a second example of usage, an up-scaled prototype version of an 8-dots refreshable cell for dynamic Braille displays is shown. Each Braille pin consists of a miniature HC-DEA, with a diameter lower than 2 mm. Both types of applications clearly show the potential of the new technology and the prospective opportunities for haptics.

Keywords

actuatordielectricdisplay
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1312: Symposium HH/II/JJ – Polymer-Based Materials and Composites—Synthesis, Assembly and Applications , 2011 , mrsf10-1312-hh01-01
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Brochu, P., Pei, Q., Macromol Rapid Comm 31(1), 10 (2010).Google Scholar
2. Carpi, F., Polymer International, 59(3), 277 (2010).Google Scholar
3. Carpi, F. and Smela, E., Editors, Biomedical applications of electroactive polymer actuators (Wiley, 2009).Google Scholar
4. Carpi, F., De Rossi, D., Kornbluh, R., Pelrine, R. and Sommer-Larsen, P., Editors, Dielectric Elastomers as Electromechanical Transducers (Elsevier, 2008).Google Scholar
5. Mirfakhrai, T. et al. , Mater Today 10(4), 30 (2007).Google Scholar
6. Madden, J. et al. , IEEE J. Oceanic Eng 29(3), 706 (2004).Google Scholar
7. Bar-Cohen, Y., Editor, Electroactive Polymer (EAP) Actuators as Artificial Muscles (SPIE, 2004).Google Scholar
8. Carpi, F., Kiil, H.-E., Kornbluh, R., Sommer-Larsen, P., Alici, G. in Proc. of ACTUATOR 2010, edited by Borgmann, H., 12th International Conference on New Actuators, Bremen, Germany, 14–16 June 2010.Google Scholar
9. Online. “European Scientific Network for Artificial Muscles (ESNAM)”: www.esnam.eu.Google Scholar
10. Pelrine, R., Kornbluh, R., Pei, Q. and Joseph, J., 287, 836 (2000).Google Scholar
11. Biggs, J., Hitchcock, R. in Proc. SPIE, 7642, 76420I–1 (2010).Google Scholar
12. Carpi, F., Frediani, G. and De Rossi, D., IEEE/ASME T. Mechatronics, 15(2), 308 (2010).Google Scholar
13. Carpi, F., Frediani, G., Tarantino, S., and De Rossi, D., Polymer International, 59(3), 407 (2010).Google Scholar
14. Runyan, N. H., WW-EAP Newsletter, 11(1), 9 (2009).Google Scholar
15. Stoyanov, H., Kollosche, M., McCarthy, D. N. and Kofod, G., Journal of Materials Chemistry, 20, 7558 (2010).Google Scholar
16. McCarthy, D.N., Rychkov, D., Ragusch, H., Risse, S., Melzer, M., Kofod, G., in Proc. of ACTUATOR 2010, edited by Borgmann, H., 12th International Conference on New Actuators, Bremen, Germany, 14–16 June 2010.Google Scholar
17. Gallone, G., Galantini, F. and Carpi, F., Polymer International, 59(3), 400 (2010).Google Scholar
18. Opris, D., Crespy, D., Löwe, C., Molberg, M., Nüesch, F., Proc. SPIE, 7287, 72870L (2009).Google Scholar
19. Carpi, F., Gallone, G., Galantini, F. and De Rossi, D., Advanced Functional Materials, 18(2), 235 (2008).Google Scholar
20. Carpi, F., Gallone, G., Galantini, F. and De Rossi, D., “Enhancing the dielectric permittivity of elastomers”, In Dielectric elastomers as electromechanical transducers., edited by Carpi, F., De Rossi, D., Kornbluh, R., Pelrine, R. and Sommer-Larsen, P., (Elsevier, 2008) pp. 51–68.Google Scholar
21. Carpi, F. and De Rossi, D., IEEE T. Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 12(4), 835 (2005).Google Scholar