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Fabrication of large area nanogap electrodes for sensing applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2013

A. Bendavid
Affiliation:
CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, PO Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
L. Wieczorek
Affiliation:
CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, PO Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
R. Chai
Affiliation:
CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, PO Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
J. S. Cooper
Affiliation:
CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, PO Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
B. Raguse
Affiliation:
CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, PO Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
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Abstract

A large area nanogap electrode fabrication method combinig conventional lithography patterning with the of focused ion beam (FIB) is presented. Lithography and a lift-off process were used to pattern 50 nm thick platinum pads having an area of 300 μm × 300 μm. A range of 30-300 nm wide nanogaps (length from 300 μm to 10 mm ) were then etched using an FIB of Ga+ at an acceleration voltage of 30 kV at various beam currents. An investigation of Ga+ beam current ranging between 1-50 pA was undertaken to optimise the process for the current fabrication method. In this study, we used Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the damage depth in various materials by the Ga+. Calculation of the recoil cascades of the substrate atoms are also presented. The nanogap electrodes fabricated in this study were found to have empty gap resistances exceeding several hundred MΩ. A comparison of the gap length versus electrical resistance on glass substrates is presented. The results thus outline some important issues in low-conductance measurements. The proposed nanogap fabrication method can be extended to various sensor applications, such as chemical sensing, that employ the nanogap platform. This method may be used as a prototype technique for large-scale fabrication due to its simple, fast and reliable features.

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Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2013

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References

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