Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T07:49:07.375Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Energy-efficient synthesis of ferrite powders and films

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 January 2012

Ranajit Sai
Affiliation:
Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
Suresh D. Kulkarni
Affiliation:
Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
K. J. Vinoy
Affiliation:
Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
Navakanta Bhat
Affiliation:
Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
S. A. Shivashankar
Affiliation:
Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
Get access

Abstract

In recent years, there has been significant effort in the synthesis of nanocrystalline spinel ferrites due to their unique properties. Among them, zinc ferrite has been widely investigated for countless applications. As traditional ferrite synthesis methods are energy- and time-intensive, there is need for a resource-effective process that can prepare ferrites quickly and efficiently without compromising material quality. We report on a novel microwave-assisted soft-chemical synthesis technique in the liquid medium for synthesis of ZnFe2O4 powder below 100 °C, within 5 min. The use of β-diketonate precursors, featuring direct metal-to-oxygen bonds in their molecular structure, not only reduces process temperature and duration sharply, but also leads to water-soluble and non-toxic by-products. As synthesized powder is annealed at 300 °C for 2 hrs in a conventional anneal (CA) schedule. An alternative procedure, a 2-min rapid anneal at 300 °C (RA) is shown to be sufficient to crystallize the ferrite particles, which show a saturation magnetization (MS) of 38 emu/g, compared with 39 emu/g for a 2-hr CA. This signifies that our process is efficient enough to reduce energy consumption by ∼85% just by altering the anneal scheme. Recognizing the criticality of anneal process to the energy budget, a more energy-efficient variation of the reaction process was developed, which obviates the need for post-synthesis annealing altogether. It is shown that the process also can be employed to deposit crystalline thin films of ferrites.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Atif, M., Hasanain, S., and Nadeem, M., Solid State Communications, 138, 416421, 2006.Google Scholar
2. Patil, K. C., Hegde, M. S., Rattan, T., and Aruna, S. T., Chemistry of Nanocrystalline Oxide Materials, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., 2008.Google Scholar
3. Nordhei, C., Ramstad, A. L., Nicholson, David G., Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 10, 1053–66, 2008.Google Scholar
4. Sivakumar, M., Takami, T., Ikuta, H., Towata, A., Yasui, K., Tuziuti, T., Kozuka, T., Bhattacharya, D., and Iida, Y., Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110, 15234–43, 2006.Google Scholar
5. Schiessl, W., Potzel, W., Karzel, H., Steiner, M., Kalvius, G., Martin, a, Krause, M., Halevy, I., Gal, J., Schäfer, W., Will, G., Hillberg, M., and Wäppling, R., Physical Review B, Condensed Matter, 53, 91439152, 1996.Google Scholar
6. Bilecka, I. and Niederberger, M., Nanoscale, 2, 1358, 2010.Google Scholar
7. Sai, Ranajit, Kulkarni, Suresh D., Vinoy, K. J., Bhat, N., Shivashankar, S. A., Journal of Materials Chemistry, DOI: 10.1039/C1JM14874E Google Scholar
8. Tayim, H. A. and Sabri Voi, M., Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters, 9, 753757, 1973.Google Scholar
9. Rudolph, G. and Henry, M. C., Inorganic Chemistry, 3, 13171318, 1964.Google Scholar
10. Tung, L., Physica B: Condensed Matter, 319, 116121, 2002.Google Scholar
11. Pedrick, Elizabeth A., Leadbeater, Nicholas E., Inorganic Chemistry Communications 14, 481483, 2011.Google Scholar
12. Schmink, Jason R., Kormos, Chad M., Devine, William G., and Leadbeater, Nicholas E., Organic Process Research & Development, 14, 205214, 2010.Google Scholar
13. Razzaq, Tahseen and Oliver Kappe, C., ChemSusChem, 1, 123132, 2008.Google Scholar