Functional materials configured as liquid toners are printed on a variety of substrates for various manufacturing processes. The materials include metal toners, resistor toners, high k dielectric toners, phosphors and glass. The substrates printed upon include glass, bare and coated metal, polymeric films and even paper. A fixed configuration electrostatic printing plate is used in most manufacturing applications though traditional photo receptor plates can be used if electronic addressability is desired.

Applications of electrostatic printing for electronic packaging products (printed wiring boards and flex circuits) and of passive electronic components themselves will be shown. Results with a pure silver toner printed on both glass and paper will be reported. Examples of passive electronic components like resistors, capacitors, and even inductors that have been electrostatically printed with liquid toners will be shown. Possible applications of toners to the manufacture of flat panel displays will be discussed.