Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T11:51:57.687Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Costing out light source and product collection during evaluation of materials for renewable fuels

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 June 2011

Karthikayini Palanivelu ,
Meenakshi Ramalingam  and
Ramnarayanan Ramanathan
Karthikayini Palanivelu
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
Meenakshi Ramalingam
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
Ramnarayanan Ramanathan*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
*
*Corresponding author email [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

We examined LEDs as a cheap and test lamp source to simulate monochromatic laser radiation to help us cost out optics while evaluating materials for renewable fuels. The light source spectrum was recorded using a fiber optic spectrophotometer and a calibrated silicon photodiode was used to determine the intensity. Photon flux from the LEDs was recorded using actinometry. We chose CdS and Fe3O4 as photocatalysts. The as-prepared and annealed samples were characterised using X-Ray Diffraction, UV-Visible spectroscopy, UV-Visible Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy, Attenuated Total Reluctance -FTIR spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). CdS and Fe3O4 were evaluated for hydrogen evolution using DI water, sacrificial agents and an electron donor (methyl viologen) using three light sources (LEDs, sunlight and mercury vapour lamp). Products were collected by an inverted burette (Generation1), balloons with a B-14 adapter (Generation2) and septum cells (Generation3). Developing an analytical technique to quantify products continues to remain a challenge.

Keywords

catalyticphotochemicalchemical synthesis
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1326: Symposium F – Renewable Fuels and Nanotechnology , 2011 , mrss11-1326-f03-18
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Khanna, P.K., Subbarao, V.V.V.S., Materials Letters, 58, 2801 (2004).10.1016/j.matlet.2004.04.016Google Scholar
2. Thangadurai, P., Balaji, S., Manoharan, P.T., Nanotechnology, 19, 435708 (2008).10.1088/0957-4484/19/43/435708Google Scholar
3. Park, H.; Choi, W.; Hoffmann, M. R. J. Mater. Chem. 18, 2379 (2008)10.1039/b718759aGoogle Scholar
4. Sun, Jing, Zhou, Shaobing, Hou, Peng, Yang, Yuan, Weng, Jie, Li, Xiaohong, Li, Mingyuan, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part A, 80A, 333 (2007).10.1002/jbm.a.30909Google Scholar
5. Xu, Y.; Schoonen, M. A. A. Am. Mineral. 85, 543 (2000)10.2138/am-2000-0416Google Scholar
6. Koca, Atif, Sahin, Musa, Int. J. of Hydrogen Energy, 27, 363 (2002)10.1016/S0360-3199(01)00133-1Google Scholar
7. Sasaki, Yasuyoshi, Iwase, Akihide, Kato, Hideki, Kudo, Akihiko J. Catal., 259, 133 (2008)10.1016/j.jcat.2008.07.017Google Scholar
8. Fan, I-Ji, Pan, R. L., Gross, E. L., Electrochim. Acta, 27, 1219 (1982)10.1016/0013-4686(82)80138-2Google Scholar
9. Gurunathan, K., Int. J. of Hydrogen Energy, 29, 933 (2004)10.1016/j.ijhydene.2003.04.001Google Scholar
10. Yan, Hongjian, Yang, Jinhui, Ma, Guijun, Wu, Guopeng, Zong, Xu, Lei, Zhibin, Shi, Jingying, Li, Can, J. Catal., 266, 165 (2009)10.1016/j.jcat.2009.06.024Google Scholar
11. Silverstein, Robert M., Webster, Francis X., Kiemle, David, Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, 7th Ed., (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, USA 2005).Google Scholar
12. Cabrera, L., Gutierrez, S., Menendez, N., Morales, M.P., Herrasti, P., Electrochim. Acta, 53, 3436 (2008).10.1016/j.electacta.2007.12.006Google Scholar
13. Kuhn, H. J., Braslavsky, S.E., and Schmidt, R., Pure and Applied Chemistry, 76, 2105 (2004).10.1351/pac200476122105Google Scholar
14. Montalti, Marco, Credi, Alberto, Prodi, Luca, Teresa Gandolfi, M., Handbook of Photochemistry, 3rd Ed., (CRC Press -Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 2006).10.1201/9781420015195Google Scholar
15. Wegner, Ernst E. and Adamson, Arthur W., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 88, 394 (1966)10.1021/ja00955a003Google Scholar