Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T08:00:07.164Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A Carbon Drug Delivery System for Lithium

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2011

H. Maleki
Affiliation:
Center for Irradiation of Materials, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762
D. Ila
Affiliation:
Center for Irradiation of Materials, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762
R. L. Zimmerman
Affiliation:
Center for Irradiation of Materials, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762
G. M. Jenkins
Affiliation:
Center for Irradiation of Materials, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762
D. Poker
Affiliation:
Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
Get access

Abstract

Lithium was introduced into pyrolyzed phenolic resins by dissolving lithium nitrate (5, 10, and 15% by mass) in a resol precursor. Impregnated specimens were pyrolyzed at 500°C, 575°C, and 650°C in inert atmosphere. After pyrolysis, samples were placed in 5 ml of phosphate buffered saline solution, refrigerated at 5°C, for various Li release times. Inductively coupled plasmaatomic spectroscopy was used to analyze these solutions, which were tested every 24 hours for 5 days; another set was tested after 60 days. Samples containing 5% lithium salt, fired to 500°C, released Li+ at a lower rate than those fired at higher temperature. At the early stages of exposure to saline, samples fired at 575°C and 650°C released Li+ at a higher rate, which fell to that of 500°C samples after many days. After leaching, nuclear reaction analysis using alpha radiation, with an exposure time of I hour, allowed us to analyze [Li+] and gradient up to 121μm below the surface. This indicates that a smaller [Li+] remains in 650°C samples than in those fired at 575°C and 500°C. For 500°C samples, [Li+] near the surface was lower than that for samples fired at 575°C and 650°C. This indicates that 500°C samples release Li+ from near the surface, whereas samples fired at higher temperature release Li+ from deep below the surface, probably because of higher permeability. Li+ release rates of samples fired at 500°C and below 650°C follow a simple diffusion law, with diffusivities between 1017 and 10-18m2/s. Li+ rate may controlled over long time by a multilayered sprayed precursor with variable concentration.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Jenkins, G. M. and Kawamura, K., Polymeric Carbons - Carbon Fiber, Glass and Char (Cambridge University Press, 1976)Google Scholar
2. Ila, D., Jenkins, G. M., Zimmerman, R. L. and Evelyn, A. L. in Biomaterial for Drug and Cell Delivery, edited by Mikos, A. C., Murphy, R. M., Bernstein, H., Peppas, N. A. (Mater. Res. Soc. Proc. 331, Pittsburgh, PA, 1994) p. 281.Google Scholar
3. Jenkins, G. M. and Kawamura, K., Nature 231, 175, (May 21, 1971).Google Scholar
4. Saber, M., Magnard, F., Bouzon, J. and Bergnaud, J. M., J. Polymer Engineering 8, (3,4), 295 (1988).Google Scholar
5. Maleki, H., Jenkins, G. M., and Ila, D. in Advances in Porous Materials, edited by Komarneni, S., Smith, D. M. and Beck, J. S. (Mater. Res. Soc. Proc. 371, Pittsburgh, PA, 1995) p. 443.Google Scholar
6. Maleki, H., Ila, D., Holland, L. R., Zimmerman, R. L. and Jenkins, G. M. in Novel Forms of Carbon, edited by Renschler, C. L., Cox, D. M., Pouch, J. J. and Achiba, Y. (Mater. Res. Soc. Proc. 349, Pittsburgh, PA, 1994) p. 15.Google Scholar
7. Zimmerman, R. L., ILa, D., Jenkins, G. M., Maleki, H., and Poker, D. E., Nucl. Inst. and Meth. In print.Google Scholar
8. Ila, D., Evelyn, A. L., Jena, H. and Jenkins, G. M., J. Carbon 31, 1211 (1993)Google Scholar
9. Mayer, J. W. and Rimini, E., Ion Beam Hand Book for Materials Analysis (Academic Press, New York, 1987) p. 133.Google Scholar
10. Ila, D., Jenkins, G. M., Holland, L. R., Evelyn, A. L. and Jena, H., Vacuum 45, 451 (1994).Google Scholar