Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T02:30:35.216Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Biomaterials in Ophthalmology A Generalist's Overview

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2011

J. Michael Lee
J. Michael Lee*
Affiliation:
Biomaterials Research, Faculty of Dentistry, and Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St., Toronto, Ontario CANADA M5G 1G6
Get access

Abstract

For the biomaterials scientist, the eye presents unique problems, principally because the maintenance of optical function is paramount. This paper concentrates on some current challenges in the development of devices to be placed in the optical path: from air to tear film, cornea, aqueous humour, pupil, lens, vitreous humour, and finally to the retina. Optical clarity during contact lens wear depends on control of deposits from tear film components (by patient performed cleaning procedures) and on continuous oxygen supply to the cornea whose clarity depends on intact epithelial and endothelial cells. Intracorneal lenses of contact lens material are possible if intracorneal fluid flow is not compromised. Corneal integrity can also be affected by adhesive endothelial cell damage during intraocular lens implantation, a factor leading to the development of so-called visco-elastic media for anterior chamber use. The associated questions of photodegradation of materials and protection of the optical tissues from photo-toxicity are critical in the eye. Laser surgery is also uniquely valuable in ophthalmology since many procedures can be performed without invasive access. Finally, intraocular lenses can also incur protein adsorption, cellular adhesion, and opacification of the lens capsule which compromise optical performance.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 55: Symposium G – Biomedical Materials , 1985 , 39
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Refojo, M.F., Surv. Opthalmol. 26, 257 (1982)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Refojo, M.F., in Biocompatibility in Clinical Practice, Vol.II, edited by Williams, D.F. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1982) pp. 3–18 Google Scholar
3. Refojo, M.R., Curr. Eye Res. 4, 719 (1985)Google Scholar
4. Dabezies, O.H. Jr., Farris, R.L., Hamano, H., Kersley, H.J., Poland, J., Refojo, M., Sibley, M., Wilson, L.A., CLAO J. 9, 165 (1983)Google Scholar
5. Holly, F.J. and Lemp, M.A., Exp. Eye Res. ll 239 (1971)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Nicols, B.A., Chiappino, M.L., Dawson, C.R., Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 26, 464 (1985)Google Scholar
7. McGill, J., Llakos, G., Seal, D., Goulding, N., Jacobs, D., Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K. 103, 313 (1983)Google Scholar
8. Larke, J.R., The Eye in Contact Lens Wear (Butterworth & Co., London, 1985) pp.ll–183 Google Scholar
9. Holly, F.J., Am. J. Optom. 57, 252 (1980)Google Scholar
10. Proust, J.E., Tchaliovska, S.D., Ter-Minassian-Saraga, L., J. Colloid Interface Sci. 98, 319 (1984)Google Scholar
11. Sharma, A., Ruckenstein, E., J. Colloid Interface Sci. 106, 12 (1985)Google Scholar
12. Tomlinson, A., Cedarstaff, T.H., Am. J. Optom. 60, 167 (1983)Google Scholar
13. Farris, R.L., Stuchell, R.N., Mandel, I.D., Ophthalmology 88, 852 (1981)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Guillon, J.-P., J. Brit. Contact Lens Assoc. 5, 84 (1982)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Baier, R.E., J. Biomed. Eng. 104, 257 (1982) -Google Scholar
16. Holly, F.J., Hong, B.S., Am. J, Optom. Physiol. Opt. 59, 43 (1982)Google Scholar
17. Baszkin, A., Proust, J.E., Boissonade, M.M., Biomaterials 5, 174 (1984)Google Scholar
18. Busschaert, S.C., Mowrey-McKee, M.F., Mandt, L.D. (Abstract), Trans. Soc. Biomat. 7, 107 (1984)Google Scholar
19. Ratner, B.D., Horbett, T.A.(Abstract), Trans. Soc. Biomat. 7, 76 (1984)Google Scholar
20. Gudmundsson, O.G., Woodward, D.F., Fowler, S.A., Allansmith, M.R., Arch. Ophthalmol 103, 196 (1985)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21. Refojo, M.F.,-Holly, T.J., Cont. Intraoc. Lens Med. J. 3, 23 (1977)Google Scholar
22. Refojo, M.F., Leong, F.L., J. Polymer Sci. Polymer Symp. 66, 227 (1979)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. Liotet, L., Guillaumin, D., Cochet, P., Warnet, V.N., Cao, H.D., CLAO J. 9, 49 (1983)Google Scholar
24. Wedler, F.C., Riedhammer, T.M., in Biocompatibility in Clinical Practice, Vo. II, edited by Williams, D.F. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1982) pp.31–46 Google Scholar
25. Fowler, S.A., Korb, D.R., Finnemore, V.M., Allansmith, M.R., Arch. Ophthalmol. 102, 757 (1984)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26. Fowler, S.A.,Allansmith, M.R., Arch. Ophthalmol. 98, 1382 (1981)Google Scholar
27. Fowler, S.A., Allansmith, M.R., Arch. Ophthalmol. 98, 1233 (1980)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28. Fowler, S.A., Allansmith, M.R., Arch. Ophthalmol. 98, 95 (1980)Google Scholar
29. Iwasaki, W., Takayama, Y., Jap. J. Ophthalmol. 24, 44 (1982)Google Scholar
30. Brynda, E., Drobnik, J., Vacik, J., Kalal, J., J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 12, 55 (1978)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31. Mannucci, L.L., Moro, F., Cosani, A., Palumbo, M., Curr. Eye Res. 4, 734 (1985)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32. Ruben, M., Tripathi, R.C., Wincer, A.F., Br. J. Ophthalmol 59, 141 (1975)Google Scholar
33. Allen, J., Botting, R., Shapr, A., Tuffery, A.A., Optician Jan 6, 8 (1978)Google Scholar
34. Person, R.D., Farris, R.L., CLAO J. 11, 251 (1985)Google Scholar
35. Blackhurst, R.T., CLAO J. 11, 57 (1985)Google Scholar
36. Fowler, S.A., Korb, D.R., Allansmith, M.-R., CLAO J. 11, 124, (1985)Google Scholar
37. Baier, R.E., Biomat. Med. Dev. Artif. Org. 12, 133 (1985)Google Scholar
38. Ratner, B.D., in Biomaterials, Interfacial Phenomena, and Applications, edited by Cooper, S.L. et al. (Advances in Chemistry Series, American Chemical Society, Washington, 1982)Google Scholar
39. Castillo, E.J., Koenig, J.L., Anderson, J.M., Kliment, C.K., J. Lo, Biomaterials 5, 319 (1984)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40. Ratner, B.D., Ann. Biomed. Eng. 11, 313 (1983)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41. McGill, J.I., Llakos, G.M., Goulding, N., Seal, D.V., Br. J. Ophthalmol. 68, 316 (1984)Google Scholar
42. MacKie, I.A., Seal, D.V., Br. J. Ophthalmol. 68, 321 (1984)Google Scholar
43. Bastiaan, R.J., in Biocompatibility of Dental Materials, Vol.4, edited by Smith, D.C. and Williams, D.F. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1982) pp. 135–150 Google Scholar
44. Allansmith, M.R., Korb, D.R., Greiner, J.V., Henriquez, A.S., Simon, M.A., Finnemore, V.M., Am. J. Ophthalmol. 83, 697 (1977)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45. Srinivasan, B.D., Jakobiec, F.A., Iwamoto, T., DeVoe, A.G., Arch. Ophthalmol. 97, 892 (1979)Google Scholar
46. Armstrong, J.R., Cohen, K.L., McCarthy, L.R., Br. J. Ophthalmol. 68, 188 (1984)Google Scholar
47. Galentine, P.G., Cohen, E.J., Laibson, P.R., Adams, C.P., Michaud, R., Arentsen, J.J., Arch. Ophthalmol. 102, 891 (1984)Google Scholar
48. Lemp, M.A.. Blackman, H.J., Wilson, L.A., Leveille, A.S., Ophthalmology 91, 61 (1984)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49. Weissman, B.A., Mondino, B.J., Pettit, T.H., Hofbauer, J.D., Am. J. Ophthalmol. 97, 476 (1984)Google Scholar
50. Udell, l.J., Mannis, M.J., Meisler, D.M., Langston, R.H.S., CLAO J. 11, 51 (1985)Google Scholar
51. Margolies, L.J., Mannis, M.J., Arch. Ophthalmol. 101, 1551 (1983)Google Scholar
52. Spoor, T.C., Hartel, W.C., Wynn, P., Spoor, D.K., Arch. Ophthalmol. 102, 1312 (1984)Google Scholar
53. Bloomfield, S.E., Jakobiec, F.A., Theodore, F.H., Ophthalmology 91, 290 (1984)Google Scholar
54. Driebe, W.T., Rabell, C.G., Houde, W.L., Surv. Ophthalmol. 27, 259 (1983)Google Scholar
55. Hirji, N.K., Scott, J., Sabell, A.G., Ophthal. Physiol. Opt. 5 333 (1985)Google Scholar
56. Kersley, H.J., CLAO J. 11, 71 (1985)Google Scholar
57. Dahl, B.L., in Biocompatibility of Dental Materials, Vol.1, edited by Smith, D.C. and Williams, D.F. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1982) pp. 177–185 Google Scholar
58. Gerowski, D.H., Matsuda, M., Yee, R.W., Edelhauser, H.F., Ophthalmology 92, 759 (1985)Google Scholar
59. O'Neal, M.R., Polse, K.A., Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 26, 849 (1985)Google Scholar
60. Worthington, C.R., Quart. Rev. Biophys. 17, 423 (1984) -Google Scholar
61. Carney, L.G., Jacobs, R.J., Arch. Ophthalmo1. 102, 1068 (1984)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
62. Holden, B.A., Williams, L., Zantos, S.G., Invest.–Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 26, 1354 (1985)Google Scholar
63. Bergmanson, J.P.G., Ruben, C.M., Chu, L.W-F., B. J. Ophthalmol. 69, 373 (1985)Google Scholar
64. Langston, R.H., Int. Ophthalmol. Clin. 22, 189 (1982)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
65. Fonn, D., Holden, B.A., Roth, P., Gooley, G., Kenefick, J., Arch. Ophthalmol. 102, 760 (1984)Google Scholar
66. Hamano, H., Kawabe, H., Mitsunaga, S., CLAO J. 11, 221 (1985)Google Scholar
67. Person, R.D., Ferris, R.L., CLAO J. 11, 251 (1985)Google Scholar
68. Ratner, B.D., in Biocompatibility of Clinical Implant Materials, Vol.2 edited by Williams, D.F. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1981) pp. 145–175 Google Scholar
69. Terry, R.N., Dunn, R.L., Casper, R.A., Cowsar, D.R. (Abstract), Trans. Soc. Biomat. 7, 50 (1984)Google Scholar
70. Wichterle, O. (Abstract), Trans. Soc. Biomat. 7, 20 (1984)Google Scholar
71. Kolarik, J., Migliaresi, C., J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 17, 757 (1983)Google Scholar
72. Extended Wear Contact Lenses for Aphakia and Myopia edited by Hartenstein, J., Mosby, C.V., Toronto (1982)Google Scholar
73. Houde, W.L., Rubin, M.L., Surv. Ophthalmol. 26, 103 (1981)Google Scholar
74. Fatt, I., Lin, D., Curr. Eye Res. 4, 723 (1985)Google Scholar
75. O'Neal, M.R., Polse, K.A., Sarver, M.D., Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 25, 837 (1984)Google Scholar
76. Hamano, H., Hori, M., CLAO J. 9, 133 (1983)Google Scholar
77. Kilp, H., Heisig-Salentin, B.. Framing, D., Curr. Eye Res. 4, 738 (1985)Google Scholar
78. Holden, B.A., Vannas, A., Nilsson, K., Effron, N., Sweeney, D., Kotow, M., LaHood, D., Guillon, M., Curr. Eye Res. 4, 739 (1985)Google Scholar
79. Klyce, S.D., Ochsner, R.D., Curr. Eye Res. 4, 727 (1985)Google Scholar
80. Choyce, D.P., Br. J. Ophthalmol. 49, 432 (1965)Google Scholar
81. Choyce, D.P., Trans. Ophthalmol. Soc. U.K. 86, 507 (1966)Google Scholar
82. Binder, P.S., Savala, E.Y., Deg, J.K., Baumgartner, S.D., Ophthalmology 91, 806 (1984)Google Scholar
83. Hamano, H., Hori, M., Hirayama, K., J. Jpn. Contact Lens Soc. 15, 11 (1973)Google Scholar
84. Yamaguchi, T., Loenig, S.B., Hamano, T., Kimura, T., Santana, E., McDonald, M.B., Kaufman, H.E., Ophthalmology 91, 1170 (1984)Google Scholar
85. McCarey, B.E., Andrews, D.M., Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 21, 107 (1981)Google Scholar
86. Choyce, D.P., Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K. 104, 332 (1985) -Google Scholar
87. Kirkness, C.M., Steele, A.D. McG., Garner, A., Trans. Ophthalmol. Soc. U.K. 104, 343 (1985)Google Scholar
88. 5Lerman, S., CLAO J. 11, 39 (1985)Google Scholar
89. Kraff, M.C., Sanders, D.R., Jampol, L.M., Lieberman, H.L., Ophthalmology 92, 366 (1985)Google Scholar
90. Diekert, J.P., Mainster, M.A., Ho, P.C., Ophthalmology, Instrument and Book Supplement, 79 (1984)Google Scholar
91. Mainster, M.A., Ophthalmology 91, 886 (1984)Google Scholar
92. Aaberg, T.M., Am. J. Ophthalmol. 99, 481 (1985)Google Scholar
93. Pellin, M.J., Williams, G.A., Young, C.E., Gruen, D.M., Peters, M.A., Am. J. Ophthalmol. 99, 484 (1985)Google Scholar
94. Khodadoust, A.A., Arkfeld, D.F., Caprioli, J., Sears, M.L., Am. J. Ophthalmol. 98, 144 (1984)Google Scholar
95. Meyer, K.T., Pettit, T-.H., Straatsma, B.R., Ophthalmology 91, 1022 (1984)Google Scholar
96. Muir, M.G. Kerr, Sherrard, E.S., Br. J. Ophthalmology 69, 77 (1985)Google Scholar
97. Sherrard, E.S., Muir, M.G. Kerr, Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K. 104, 524 (1985)Google Scholar
98. Smith, J., Whitted, P., Am. J. Ophthalmol. 98, 153 (1984)Google Scholar
99. Venkatesh, S., Guthrie, S., Cruickshank, F.R., Bailey, R.T., Foulds, W.S., Lee, W.R., Br. J. Ophthalmol. 69, 92 (1985)Google Scholar
100. Kaufman, H.E., Katz, J., Valenti, J., Sheets, J.W., Goldberg, E.P., Science 198, 525 (1977)Google Scholar
101. Reich, S., Levy, M., Meshorer, A., Blumental, M., Yalon, M., Sheets, J.W., Goldberg, E.P., J. Biomed. Mater. Sc. 18, 737 (1984)Google Scholar
102. Bourne, W.M., Brubaker, R.F., O'Fallon, W.M., Arch. Ophthalmol. 97, 1473 (1979)Google Scholar
103. Eisner, G., Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K. 103, 247 (1983)Google Scholar
104. Balazs, E.A., in Healon (Sodium Hyaluronate): A Guide to its Use in Ophthalmic Surgery, edited by Miller, D. and Stegman, R. (John Wiley & Sons, Toronto, 1983) pp. 5–28 Google Scholar
105. Carty, J.B., Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K. 103, 263 (1983)Google Scholar
106. Barron, B.A., Busin, M., Page, C., Bergsma, D.R., Kaufman, H.E., Am. J. Ophthalmol. 100, 377 (1985)Google Scholar
107. Fechner, P.U., Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K. 103, 259 (1983)Google Scholar
108. Apple, D.J., Mamalis, N., Loftfield, K., Googe, J.M., Novak, L.C., Norman, D. Kavka-Van, Brady, S.E., Olson, R.J., Surv. Ophthalmol. 29, 1 (1984)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
109. Holmberg, A.S., Philipson, B.T., Ophthalmology 91, 45 (1984); 91, 53 (1984)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
110. Alpar, J.J., Ophthal. Surg. 15, 757 (1984)Google Scholar
111. Jacob, J.S.H., Br. J. Ophthaliiol. 69, 567 (1985)Google Scholar
112. Bourne, W.M., Liesegang, T.J., Waller, R.R., Ilstrup, D.M., Am. J. Ophthalmol. 98, 759 (1984)Google Scholar
113. Percial, S.P.B., Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K, 103, 254 (1983)Google Scholar
114. Barrett, G., Constable, I.J., Am. J. Ophthalmol. 98, 157 (1984)Google Scholar
115. Lang, E., Mark, D., Miller, F.A., Miller, D., Wik, O., Arch. Ophthalmol. 102, 1079 (1984)Google Scholar
116. Pandolfi, M., Hedner, U., Ophthalmology 91, 864 (1984)Google Scholar
117. Terry, A.C., Stark, W.J., Newsome, D.A., Maumenee, A.E., Pina, E., Ophthalmology 92, 414 (1985)Google Scholar
118. Roper-Hall, M.J., Trans. Ophthalm. Soc. U.K. 104, 500 (1985)Google Scholar
119. McCabe, J.F., in Biocompatibility of Dental Materials, Vol.4, edited by Smith, D.C., Williams, D.F. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1982) pp. 123–161 Google Scholar
120. Clayman, H.N., The Surgeon's Guide to Intraocular Lens Implantation, SLACK Inc., Thorofare, N.J. (1985) pp. 7–22 Google Scholar
121. Holladay, J.T., Bishop, J.E., Prager, T.C., Blaker, J.W., CLAO J. 9, 15(1983)Google Scholar
122. Wijn, J.R. de, Mullem, P.J. van, in Biocompatibility of Clinical-Implant Materials, Vol.2, edited by Williams, D.F. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1981) pp. 99–126 Google Scholar
123. Colenbrander, A., Woods, L.V., Stamper, R.L., Ophthalmology, Instrument and Book Supplement, 1 (1985)Google Scholar
124. Apple, D.J., Mamalis, N., Loftfield, K., Googe, J.M., Novak, L.C., Norman, D. Kafka-Van, Brady, S.E., Olson, R.J., Surv. Ophthalmol. 29, 1 (1984)Google Scholar
125. Champion, R., McConnell, P.J., Green, W.R., Surv. Ophthalmol. 30, 1 (1985)Google Scholar
126. Odrich, M.G., Hall, S.J., Worgul, B.V., Trokel, S.L., Rini, F.J., Ophthalm. Res. 17, 75 (1985)Google Scholar
127. McDonnell, P.J., Stark, W.J., Green, W.R., Ophthalmology 91 853 (1984)Google Scholar
128. Scherffarth, O.F., Ludwig, K., Birngruber, R., Graefe's Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 222, 43 (1984)Google Scholar
129. Wolter, J.R., Ophthalmology 92, 135 (1985)Google Scholar
130. Wolter, J.R., Ophthalm. Surg. 16, 556 (1985)Google Scholar
131. Wolter, J.R., Ophthalm. Surg. 16, 242 (1985)Google Scholar
132. Samples, J.R., Buskirk, E.M. Van, Ophthalm. Surg. 15, 869 (1984)Google Scholar
133. Leonard, T.J.K., Grierson, I., Fison, P.N., Spalton, D.J., Sanders, M.D., Trans. Ophthalm. Soc. U.K. 103, 165 (1983)Google Scholar
134. Champion, R., Green, W.R., Trans. Ophthalm. Soc. U.K. 104, 588 (1985)Google Scholar
135. Yeo, J.H., Jakobiec, F.A., Pokorny, K., Iwamoto, T., Piscano, A., Ophthalmology 90, 410 (1983)Google Scholar
136. Wolter, J.R. (Abstract), Trans. Soc. Biomat. 8, 202 (1985)Google Scholar
137. Oshima, K., Ohira, A., Yamanaka, A., Nakamae, K., Takakura, K. (Abstract), Trans. Soc. Biomat. 8, 204 (1985)Google Scholar
138. Wolter, J.R., Kunkel, S.L., CLAO J. 11, 107 (1985)Google Scholar
139. Wolter, J.R., Kunkel, S.L., Grae's Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthal. 221, 55 (1983)Google Scholar
140. Parkinson, W.C., Ophthalm. Surg. 16, 260 (1985)Google Scholar