Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T14:44:46.446Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Above Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in GaN Powders by Calcinations with CuO

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Lori Noice ,
Bjoern Seipel ,
Rolf Erni ,
Amita Gupta ,
Chunfei Li ,
peter Moeck ,
Venkat Rao  and
Nigel Browning
Lori Noice
Affiliation:
[email protected], Portland State University, Department of Physics, Portland State University, P.O.Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207-0751, United States, 503-725-4248
Bjoern Seipel
Affiliation:
[email protected], Portland State University, Department of Physics, Portland State University, P.O.Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207-0751, United States
Rolf Erni
Affiliation:
[email protected], University of California at Davis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
Amita Gupta
Affiliation:
[email protected], The Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science, Tmfy-MSE, The Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, Rm 224, SE 100 44, Stockholm, N/A, N/A, Sweden
Chunfei Li
Affiliation:
[email protected], Portland State University, Department of Physics, Portland State University, P.O.Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207-0751, United States
peter Moeck
Affiliation:
[email protected], Portland State University, Department of Physics, Portland State University, P.O.Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207-0751, United States
Venkat Rao
Affiliation:
[email protected], The Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science, Tmfy-MSE, The Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, Rm 224, SE 100 44, Stockholm, N/A, N/A, Sweden
Nigel Browning
Affiliation:
[email protected], University of California at Davis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
Get access

Abstract

Gallium nitride powders were calcined with copper oxide in either air or N2 and analyzed by means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution parallel illumination (HRTEM) and scanning probe transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in order to address the structural and electronic effects of Cu-incorporation into GaN. Gallium oxide and multiple copper oxide phases corresponding to the calcination environment were detected. Significant changes in the lattice parameters and electronic structure of the N2-processed GaN indicate incorporation of both copper and oxygen into the GaN lattice as well as changes in the chemical bonding due to the calcinations process. SQUID magnetometer measurements at 300 K demonstrated ferromagnetism in selected samples.

Keywords

III-Vspintroniccrystallographic structure
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 941: Symposium Q – Magnetic Thin Films, Heterostructures, and Device Materials , 2006 , 0941-Q08-14
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Sluiter, M. H. F. et al., “First principles based design and experimental evidence for a ZnO-based ferromagnet at room temperature ”. Physical Review Letters 94(18): 187204 1–3 (2005).Google Scholar
2 Dietl, T., et al., “Zener Model Description of Ferromagnetism in Zinc-Blende Magnetic Semiconductors ”. Science, 2000. 287(5455): p. 1019–1022.Google Scholar
3 Liu, C., et al., “Ferromagnetism of ZnO and GaN: A Review”. Journal of Material Science: Material in Electronics 16(2005)555–597 Google Scholar
4 Sharma, P. et al., “Ferromagnetism above room temperature in bulk and transparent thin films of Mn doped ZnO”. Nature Materials 2(10): 673–677 (2003).Google Scholar
5 Buchholz, D.B., et al., “Room-temperature ferromagnetism in Cu-doped ZnO thin films”. Applied Physics Letters, 2005. 87(8): p. 082504–06.Google Scholar
6 Seipel, B., et al., “A Structural and Spectroscopic Study on Copper and Oxygen Incorporation into Wurtzite-Type Gallium Nitride”, Physical Review B (submitted)Google Scholar
7 Rodriguez-Carvajal, J., “FULLPROF: A Program for Rietveld Refinement and Pattern Matching Analysis”. Abstracts of the Satellite Meeting on Powder Diffraction of the XV Congress of the IUCr, Toulouse, France, 1990: p. 127.Google Scholar
8 Egerton, R.F., Electron energy-loss spectroscopy in the electron microscope. second ed. ed. 1996, New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
9 Brink, H.A., et al., “A sub-50 meV spectrometer and energy filter for use in combination with 200 kV monochromated (S)TEMs”. Ultramicroscopy, 2003. 96(3-4): p. 367–384.Google Scholar
10 Erni, R., et al., Analysis of extraterrestrial particles using monochromated electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Micron, 2005. 36(4): p. 369–379.Google Scholar
11 Kim, J.Y., et al., Reduction of CuO and Cu2O with H2:H embedding and kinetic effects in the formation of suboxides. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2003. 125(35)Google Scholar
12 Owens, Frank, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, and Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center, Picatinny, NJ, USA, private communicationsGoogle Scholar
13 http://laser.phys.ualberta.ca/̃egerton/programs/SIGMAKL-instructions.htm, see also ref. 8.Google Scholar
14 Lazar, S., Hebert, C., and Zandbergen, H.W., Investigation of hexagonal and cubic GaN by high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy and density functional theory. Ultramicroscopy, 2004. 98(2-4): p. 249–257.Google Scholar