In 1994, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) established Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSECs). The goal was to provide support for interdisciplinary materials research and education of the highest quality while addressing fundamental problems in science and engineering that are important to society. The centers are expected to undertake materials research of a scope and complexity that would not be feasible under traditional funding for individual research projects or small groups. Centers are funded for a limited period of time—currently five years—after which they can re-compete against new proposals. In 1994, MRSECs were established at 11 universities throughout the country. Two years later, 13 new centers were established in a second round of funding. Additional competitions were completed in 1998, 2000, and 2002. As of April 2002, there were 29 MRSECs.