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Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Technology for Fuel Cells

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Raj G. Rajendran
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Abstract

The concept of using an ion-exchange membrane as an electrolyte separator for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells was first reported by General Electric in 1955. However, a real breakthrough in PEM fuel cell technology occurred in the mid-1960s after DuPont introduced Nafion®, a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane. Due to their inherent chemical, thermal, and oxidative stability, perfluorosulfonic acid membranes displaced unstable polystyrene sulfonic acid membranes.Today, Nafion® and other related perfluorosulfonic acid membranes are considered to be the state of the art for PEM fuel cell technology. Although perfluorosulfonic acid membrane structures are preferred today, structural improvements are still needed to accommodate the increasing demands of fuel cell systems for specific applications. Higher performance, lower cost, greater durability, better water management, the ability to perform at higher temperatures, and flexibility in operating with a wide range of fuels are some of the challenges that need to be overcome before widespread commercial adoption of the technology can be realized. The present article will highlight the membrane properties relevant to PEM fuel cell systems, the development history of perfluorosulfonic acid membranes, and the current status of R&D activities in PEM technology.

Keywords

ionic conductivityNafion®perfluorosulfonic acid membranesPEM fuel cellspolymer electrolyte membranesproton-exchange membranes
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 30 , Issue 8: Fuel Cells: The Next Evolution , August 2005 , pp. 587 - 590
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2005

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