Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T19:41:14.150Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Phase Transitions in Nanoscale Ferroelectric Structures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2011

S.K. Streiffer  and
D.D. Fong
Get access

Abstract

Over decades of effort, investigations of the intrinsic phase transition behavior of nanoscale ferroelectric structures have been greatly complicated by materials processing variations and by the common and uncontrolled occurrence of spacecharge, which interacts directly with the polarization and can obscure fundamental behavior. These challenges have largely been overcome, and great progress in understanding the details of this class of phase transitions has been made, largely based on advances in the growth of high-quality, epitaxial ferroelectric films and in the theory and simulation of ferroelectricity. Here we will discuss recent progress in understanding the ferroelectric phase transition in a particular class of model systems: nanoscale perovskite thin-film heterostructures. The outlook for ferroelectric technology based on these results is promising, and extensions to laterally confined nanostructures will be described.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 34 , Issue 11: Phase Transitions at the Nanoscale in Functional Materials , November 2009 , pp. 832 - 837
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Jona, F., Shirane, G., Ferroelectric Crystals (Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 1962).Google Scholar
2.Ye, Z.-G., Ed., Handbook of Advanced Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications (Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, UK, 2008).Google Scholar
3.Scott, J.F., Science 315, 954 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Lines, M.E., Glass, A.M., Principles and Applications of Ferroelectrics and Related Materials (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1977).Google Scholar
5.Wang, Y.L., Tagantsev, A.K., Damjanovic, D., Setter, N., Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 062905 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Davis, M., Damjanovic, D., Setter, N., J. Appl. Phys. 100, 084103 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Damjanovic, D., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 88, 2663 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Damjanovic, D., Rep. Prog. Phys. 61, 1267 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Arlt, G., Ferroelectrics 76, 451 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Arlt, G., Hennings, D., DeWith, G., J. Appl. Phys. 58, 1619 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Arlt, G., Peusens, H., Ferroelectrics 48, 213 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Phillpot, S.R., Sinnott, S.B., Asthagiri, A., Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 37, 239 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Egami, T., Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 37, 297 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Liu, T., Lynch, C.S., Continuum Mech. Thermodyn. 18, 119 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Bokov, A.A., Ye, Z.-G., J. Mater. Sci. 31, 41 (2006).Google Scholar
16.Samara, G.A., J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, R367 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Bassiri-Gharb, N., Fujii, I., Hong, E., Trolier-McKinstry, S., Taylor, D.V., Damjanovic, D., J. Electroceram. 19, 47 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Kim, D.-J., Maria, J.-P., Kingon, A.I., Streiffer, S.K., J. Appl. Phys. 93, 5568 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Tagantsev, A.K., Stolichnov, I., Setter, N., Cross, J.S., Tsukada, M., Phys. Rev. B 66, 214109 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Tybell, T., Paruch, P., Giamarchi, T., Triscone, J.-M., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 097601 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Stolichnov, I., Colla, E., Tagantsev, A., Bharadwaja, S.S.N., Hong, S., Setter, N., Cross, J.S., Tsukada, M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 4804 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Rabe, K., Ahn, Ch.H., Triscone, J.-M., Eds., Physics of Ferroelectrics: A Modern Perspective (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2007).Google Scholar
23.Gregg, J.M., Phys. Status Solidi A. Appl. Mat. 206, 577 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Dawber, M., Lichtensteiger, C., Tirscone, J.M., Phase Transitions 81, 623 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Dawber, M., Stucki, N., Lichtensteiger, C., Gariglio, S., Triscone, J.-M., J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20, 264015 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Schlom, D.G., Chen, L.-Q., Eom, C.-B., Rabe, K.M., Streiffer, S.K., Triscone, J.-M., Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 37, 589 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Setter, N., Damjanovic, D., Eng, L., Fox, G., Gevorgian, S., Hong, S., Kingon, A., Kohlstedt, H., Park, N.Y., Stephenson, G.B., Stolitchnov, I., Taganstev, A.K., Taylor, D.V., Yamada, T., Streiffer, S., J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 051606/1 (2006).Google Scholar
29.Schlom, D.G., Chen, L.-Q., Pan, X.-Q., Schmehl, A., Zurbuchen, M.A., J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 2429 (2008).Google Scholar
30.Foster, C.M., Pompe, W., Daykin, A.C., Speck, J.S., J. Appl. Phys. 79, 1405 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Nagarajan, V., Jenkins, I.G., Alpay, S.P., Li, H., Aggarwal, S., Salamanca-Riba, L., Roytburd, A.L., Ramesh, R., J. Appl. Phys. 86, 595 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Wang, R.V., Stephenson, G.B., Fong, D.D., Jiang, F., Fuoss, P.H., Eastman, J.A., Streiffer, S.K., Latifi, K., Thompson, C., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 221914 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Catalan, G., Noheda, B., McAneney, J., Sinnamon, L.J., Gregg, J.M., Phys. Rev. B 72, 020102(R) (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Munkholm, A., Streiffer, S.K., Murty, M.V. Ramana, Eastman, J.A., Thompson, C., Auciello, O., Thompson, L., Moore, J.F., Stephenson, G.B., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 016101 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Batra, I.P., Silverman, B.D., Solid State Commun. 11, 291 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.Wurfel, P., Batra, I.P., Jacobs, J.T., Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 1218 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37.Batra, I.P., Wurfel, P., Phys. Rev. B 8, 3257 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Wurfel, P., Batra, I.P., Phys. Rev. B 8, 5126 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39.Black, C.T., Wesler, J.J., IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 46, 776 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40.Junquera, J., Ghosez, P., Nature 422, 506 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41.Kretschmer, R., Binder, K., Phys. Rev. B 20, 1065 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42.Tilley, D.R., Zeks, B., Solid State Commun. 49, 823 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43.Zhou, C., Newns, D.M., J. Appl. Phys. 82, 3081 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44.Zembilgotov, A.G., Pertsev, N.A., Kohlstedt, H., Waser, R., J. Appl. Phys. 91, 2247 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45.Tybell, T., Ahn, C.H., Triscone, J.-M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 856 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
46.Ghosez, P., Rabe, K.M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2767 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
47.Meyer, B., Vanderbilt, D., Phys. Rev. B 63, 205426 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48.Kohlstedt, H., Pertsev, N.A., Waser, R., Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 688, C6.5 (2002).Google Scholar
49.Shaw, T.M., Trolier-McKinstry, S., McIntyre, P.C., Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 30, 263 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
50.Nagarajan, V., Prasertchoung, S., Zhao, T., Zheng, H., Ouyang, J., Ramesh, R., Tian, W., Panm, X.-Q., Kim, D.-M., Eom, C.-B., Kohlstedt, H., Waser, R., Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 5225 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
51.Tagantsev, A.K., Gerra, G., Setter, N., Phys. Rev. B 77, 174111 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
52.Gerra, G., Tagantsev, A.K., Setter, N., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 207601 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
53.Gerra, G., Tagantsev, A.K., Setter, N., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 107603 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
54.Stengel, M., Vanderbilt, D., Spaldin, N.A., Nat. Mater. 8, 392 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
55.Stengel, M., Spaldin, N.A., Nature 443, 679 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
56.Streiffer, S.K., Eastman, J.A., Fong, D.D., Thompson, C., Munkholm, A., Murty, M.V. Ramana, Auciello, O., Bai, G.R., Stephenson, G.B., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 067601 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
57.Fong, D.D., Stephenson, G.B., Streiffer, S.K., Eastman, J.A., Auciello, O., Fuoss, P.H., Thompson, C., Science 304, 1650 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
58.Stephenson, G.B., Elder, K.R., J. Appl. Phys. 100, 051601 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
59.Thompson, C., Fong, D.D., Wang, R.-V., Jiang, F., Streiffer, S.K., Latifi, K., Eastman, J.A., Fuoss, P.H., Stephenson, G.B., Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 182901 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
60.Fong, D.D., Thompson, C., Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 36, 431 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
61.Takahashi, R., Grepstad, J., Tybell, T., Matsumoto, Y., Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 112901 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
62.Takahashi, R., Dahl, O., Eberg, E., Grepstadand, J.K., Tybell, T., J. Appl. Phys. 104, 064109 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
63.Lai, B.-K., Ponomareva, I., Kornev, I., Bellaiche, L., Salamo, G., Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 152909 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
64.Jia, C.L., Mi, S.B., Urban, K., Vrejoiu, I., Alexe, M., Hesse, D., Nat. Mater. 7, 57 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
65.Prosandeev, S., Bellaiche, L., Phys. Rev. B 75, 172109 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
66.Aguado-Puente, P., Junquera, J., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 177601 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
67.Prosandeev, S., Bellaiche, L., Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 072901 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
68.Prosandeev, S., Ponomareva, I., Naumov, I., Kornev, I., Bellaiche, L., J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20, 193201 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
69.Foster, C.M., Pompe, W., Daykin, A.C., Speck, J.S., J. Appl. Phys. 79, 1405 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
70.Pertsev, N.A., Zembilgotov, A.G., Tagantsev, A.K., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1988 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
71.Li, Y.L., Hu, S.Y., Liu, Z.K., Chen, L.Q., Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3878 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
72.Li, Y.L., Choudhury, S., Lium, Z.K., Chen, L.-Q., Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 1608 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
73.Catalan, G., Janssens, A., Rispens, G., Csiszar, S., Seeck, O., Rijnders, G., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 127602 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
74.Vlooswijk, A., Noheda, B., Catalan, G., Janssens, A., Barcones, B., Rijnders, G., Blank, D.H.A., Venkatesan, S., Kooi, B., Hosson, J.T.M. de, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 112901 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
75.Pompe, W., Gong, X., Suo, Z., Speck, J.S., J. Appl. Phys. 74, 6012 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
76.Speck, J.S., Seifert, A., Pompe, W., Ramesh, R., J. Appl. Phys. 76, 477 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
77.Pompe, W., Speck, J.S., J. Appl. Phys. 76, 466 (1994).Google Scholar
78.Speck, J.S., Daykin, A.C., Seifert, A., Romanov, A.E., Pompe, W., J. Appl. Phys. 78, 1696 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
79.Naumov, I.I., Bellaiche, L., Fu, H.X., Nature 432, 737 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
80.Prosandeev, S., Ponomareva, I., Naumov, I., Kornev, I., Bellaiche, L., J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20, 193201 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
81.Ponomareva, I., Naumov, I., Kornev, I., Fu, H., Bellaiche, L., Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 9, 114 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
82.Naumov, I., Bratkovsky, A.M., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 107601 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
83.Jo, J.Y., Yang, S.M., Kim, T.H., Lee, H.N., Yoon, J.G., Park, S., Jo, Y., Jung, M.H., Noh, T.W., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 045701 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
84.Jo, J.Y., Han, H.S., Yoon, J.G., Soon, T.K., Kim, S.H., Noh, T.W., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 267602 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
85.Jo, J.Y., Kim, D.J., Kim, Y.S., Choe, S.B., Song, T.K., Yoon, J.G., Noh, T.W., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 247602 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
86.Tagantsev, A.K., Gerra, G., J. Appl. Phys. 100, 051607 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
87.Gerra, G., Tagantsev, A.K., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 107602 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
88.Gruverman, A., Cross, J.S., Oates, W.S., Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 242902 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
89.Gruverman, A., Wu, D., Scott, J.F., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 097601 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
90.Gruverman, A., Kholkin, A., Rep. Prog. Phys. 69, 2443 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
91.Gruverman, A., Rodriguez, B.J., Dehoff, C., Waldrep, J.D., Kingon, A.I., Nemanich, R.J., Cross, J.S., Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 082902 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
92.Jesse, S., Rodriguez, B.J., Choudhury, S., Baddorf, A.P., Vrejoiu, I., Hesse, D., Alexe, M., Eliseev, E.A., Morozovska, A.N., Zhang, J., Chen, L.Q., Kalinin, S.V., Nat. Mater. 7, 209 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
93.Rodriguez, B.J., Jesse, S., Alexe, M., Kalinin, S.V., Adv. Mater. 20, 109 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
94.Balke, N., Bdikin, I., Kalinin, S.V., Kholkin, A.L., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 92, 1629 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
95.Chang, L.W., McMillen, M., Gregg, J.M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 212905 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
96.Chu, M.-W., Szafraniak, I., Scholz, R., Harnagea, C., Hesse, D., Alexe, M., Gösele, U., Nature Materials 3, 87 (2004).Google Scholar
97.Nagarajan, V., Jia, C.L., Kohlstedt, H., Waser, R., Misirlioglu, I.B., Alpay, S.P., Ramesh, R., Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 192910 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
98.Maidoub, M.S., Sharma, P., Cagin, T., Phys. Rev. B 77, 125424 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
99.Fu, J.Y., Cross, L.E., Ferroelectrics 354, 238 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
100.Cross, L.E., J. Mater. Sci. 41, 53 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
101.Han, H., Ji, R., Park, Y.J., Lee, S.K., G. Le Rhun, Alexe, M., Nielsch, K., Hesse, D., Gosele, U., Baik, S., Nanotechnology 20, 015301 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
102.Kawasaki, S., Fan, H.J., Catalan, G., Morrison, F.D., Tatsuta, T., Tsuji, O., Scott, J.F., Nanotechnology 19, 375302 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
103.Kim, J., Yang, S.A., Choi, Y.C., Han, J.K., Jeong, K.O., Yun, Y.J., Kim, D.J., Yang, S.M., Yoon, D., Cheung, H., Chang, K.S., Noh, T.W., Bu, S.D., Nano Lett. 8, 1813 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
104.Liu, L., Ning, T., Ren, Y., Sun, Z., Wang, F., Zhou, W., Xie, S., Song, L., Luo, S., Shen, J., Ma, W., Zhou, Y., Mater. Sci. Eng B., Adv. Funct. Solid- State Mater. 149, 41 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
105.Rorvik, P.M., Almli, A., Helvoort, A.T.J. van, Holmestad, R., Tybell, T., Grande, T., Einarsrud, M.A., Nanotechnology 19, 225605 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
106.Yang, Y., Wang, X.H., Zhong, C.F., Sun, C.K., Li, L.T., Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 122907 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
107.Naumov, I.I., Fu, H.X., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 247602 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
108.Glinchuk, M.D., Eliseev, E.A., Morozovska, A.N., Blinc, R., Phys. Rev. B 77, 024106 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
109.Pan, Z.X., Alem, N., Sun, T., Dravid, V.P., Nano Lett. 6, 2344 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
110.Spanier, J.E., Kolpak, A.M., Urban, J.J., Grinberg, I., Lian, O.Y., Yun, W.S., Rappe, A.M., Park, H., Nano Lett. 6, 735 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
111.Zhang, X.Y., Zhao, X., Lai, C.W., Wang, J., Tang, X.G., Dai, J.Y., Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 4190 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
112.Luo, Y., Szafraniak, I., Zakharov, N.D., Nagarajan, V., Steinhart, M., Wehrspohn, R.B., Wendorff, J.H., Ramesh, R., Alexe, M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 440 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
113.Luk'fyanchuk, I.A., Schilling, A., Gregg, J.M., Catalan, G., Scott, J.F., Phys. Rev. B 79, 144111 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
114.Chang, L.W., McMillen, M., Morrsion, F.D., Scott, J.F., Gregg, J.M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 132904 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
115.Hambe, M., Wicks, S., Gregg, J.M., Nagarajan, V., Nanotechnology 19, 175302 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
116.Catalan, G., Schilling, A., Scott, J.F., Gregg, J.M., J. Phys. Condens. Matter 19, 132201 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
117.Rodriguez, B.J., Gao, X.S., Liu, L.F., Lee, W., Naumov, I.I., Bratkovsky, A.M., Hesse, D., Alexe, M., Nano Lett. 9, 1127 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
118.Gruverman, A., Wu, D., Fan, H.-J., Vrejoiu, I., Alexe, M., Harrison, R.J., Scott, J.F., J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20, 342201 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
119.Byrne, D., Schilling, A., Scott, J.F., Gregg, J.M., Nanotechnology 19, 165608 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
120.Zhu, X.H., Evans, P.R., Byrne, D., Schilling, A., Douglas, C., Pollard, R.J., Bowman, R.M., Gregg, J.M., Morrison, F.D., Scott, J.F., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 129913 (2006).Google Scholar
121.Sai, N., Meyer, B., Vanderbilt, D., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5636 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
122.Warusawithana, M.P., Colla, E.V., Eckstein, J.N., Weissman, M.B., Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 036802 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
123.Lee, H.N., Christen, H.M., Chisholm, M.F., Rouleau, C.M., Lowndes, D.H., Nature 433, 395 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
124.Nakhmanson, S.M., Rabe, K.M., Vanderbilt, D., Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 102906 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
125.Bousquet, E., Dawber, M., Stucki, N., Lichtensteiger, C., Hermet, P., Gariglio, S., Trisconi, J.M., Ghosez, P., Nature 452, 732 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
126.Dawber, M., Stucki, N., Lichtensteiger, C., Gariglio, S., Triscone, J.M, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20, 264015 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar